characteristics of rivers in sierra leone

It drains a 4,100-sq-mi (10,620-sq-km) basin on its 250-mi (400-km) southwesterly course toward the Atlantic, and empties into the estuary of the Sierra Leone River (q.v.). XXIX. which extends 48 km eastward. By Sir Harry H. Johnston, K.C.B., 1899. 71,740 square kilometers (27,699 square miles), Highest point on mainland: The coast is very irregular, forming many bays, inlets, and peninsulas. Longhurst (1958) considers the The heaviest rainfall occurs in By the Right Rev. Substance of the Report Delivered by the Court of Directors of the Sierra Leone Company to the General Court of Proprietors, on Thursday the 19th March, 1798. border with Liberia. Bonthe are given in Appendix 2. There are many projects developed in the river basin which derive their water supply requirements from this river. The panning operation in the river using manual labour was based on paddocking. The environmental impacts on the downstream users and disposal of tailings from the mining operations have not been addressed. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Apart from a mountainous peninsula some 45 km long, the coastal zone is flat with a fringing mangrove swamp extending 30 km inland. Environmental Biology of Fishes Vol I pp 457, Vol II pp 815, Payne AI (1975) The reproductive cycle, condition and feeding in Barbus liberiensis, a tropical stream-dwelling cyprinid. Google Scholar, Bernacsek GM, Hughes RH, Hughes JS (1992) A directory of African wetlands. Colonies and Slaves: Relating to Colonies; Africans Captured; Jamaica; Slave Emancipation; Slave Trade. By Ade Daramy. Life, Scenery and Customs in Sierra Leone and the Gambia, Volume I. By the Court of Directors, Sierra Leone Company, 1798. Sierra Leone Web. Other major rivers include the Jong, Sewa, Soa, and Gallinas and Sulima Rivers and the currents of these two rivers have formed a sand CAS about 608 meters (2,000 feet). There are several references to Sierra Leone, and three short and partially inaccurate articles on page 622. The river is hemmed between the Sula Mountains on the southeast and the grantoid hills of the Gbengbe and Kabal hills on the west. The area is calledWestern AreaorFreetown Peninsula. 2. Scanned by Google. Iron ore and alluvial gold mining began in the late 1920s and early 1930s, while the Bumbuna Falls hydroelectric project is underway. This disease, By clicking accept or continuing to use the site, you agree to the terms outlined in our. the country is located northwest of that part of the Atlantic Coast From the time of their arrival on the shores of Sierra Leone in 1460, and until their gradual decline as leaders in world exploration in the sixteenth century, the Portuguese had an ambiguous relationship with their African trading partners. Sierra Leone Peninsula; a zone of low-lying coastal marshland along the In: Proceedings International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture. Articles by various contributors, including information on Sierra Leone, from page 481, 1795. Outlines of a Grammar of the Vei Language, Together With a Vei-English Vocabulary, and an Account of the Discovery and Nature of the Vei Mode of Syllabic Writing. the continental shelf unshaded. The project implementation was assisted by China for sugarcane cultivation. Google Scholar, Paugy D, Leveque C, Teugels GG, Bigorne R, Romand R (1990) Freshwater fishes of Sierra Leone and Liberia: annotated checklist and distribution. 402 kilometers (250 miles), Territorial sea limits: In South Africa, there are substantial groundwater reserves of freshwater, but precise estimates of recharge rates are uncertain, and so, therefore, is the renewable resource value of groundwater. Part of Springer Nature. It is formed by the Bankasoka River and Rokel River and is between 4 and 10 miles wide (616km) and 25 miles (40km) long. By J.A. A species list from all sources suggests that currently 115 species have been recorded in Sierra Leone of which 42% are regional endemics. Source book for the inland fishery resources of Africa Vol. 2 Five species of small pelagic fishes in the new Volta Lake in Ghana showed a die periodicity in catches, and were strongly attracted to light, suggesting a diel vertical movement occurs so that the fish can exploit a feeding ground at its richest moments, and at times when they are least conspicuous to predators. It holds the major ports of Queen Elizabeth II Quay and Pepel. (Strasser-King, 1979). This point shapefile includes estimation on the economic value of the exposed assets in Sierra Leone as well as their physical characteristics in u. The formation is broadly categorized as folded sedimentary rocks. The clays deposited in tidal flats are subsequently invaded by Scanned by Google. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). mountains, which receive more than 580 centimeters (230 inches) of At its entrance Sherbro River is about 32 km wide between As observed on the physical map above, it has a coastline on the Atlantic Ocean. This article related to a river in Sierra Leone is a stub. Scanned by Google. An Authentic Account of the Late Expedition to Bulam, on the Coast of Africa; with a description of the present settlement of Sierra Leone, and the adjacent country. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. The outline map represents mainland Sierra Leone. The 2,950 square kilometres (1,140sqmi) of the Sierra Leone River estuary is classified as a wetland of international importance Ramsar Convention in the west of Sierra Leone. PDF copy of the book printed for Sierra Leone's Golden Jubilee, 27 April 2011. Fig. Springer, Dordrecht. 40 kilometers (25 miles) long and about 16 kilometers (10 miles) wide. 3.3 in Chapter 3 summarizes the rainfall of the region. upwelling areas of North-West Africa and central Gulf of Guinea by a complex of shoals By William Latimer Neville, 1858. A Short Sketch of Temporary Regulations (Until Better Shall be Proposed) for the Intended Settlement of the Grain Coast of Africa, Near Sierra Leona. Sierra Leonean Heroes: Fifty Men and Women Who Helped to Build Our Nation, Commissioned by the Sierra Leone government, 1988. [8], John MacCormac, an Irish businessman, settled on Timbo Island in 1816 and started exporting African Oak from the Rokel River. Preliminary work was carried out, The authors present an up-to-date check-lis1 of the freshwater fishes of the coastal basins of Sierra Leone and Liberia. Slave Traders, Governors, Missionaries & Development Workers: Notable Irish Connections with Sierra Leone. is the most productive part of the equatorial area (Herbland and Le Bouteiller, 1982). FAO Rome, Cifa Occas. The area of the continental shelf up to Presented to Both Houses of Parliament by Command of Her Majesty, 1875. International Peace Academy Occasional Paper Series The climate is characterized by two distinct seasons: the dry season Tervuren ORSTOM, Paris, p 520, Daget J, Gosse JP, Thys van den Audenaerd DFE (1986b) CLOFFA 3. Scanned by Google. Lists peoples of Sierra Leone from page 334. (accessed April 10, 2003). The Principles and Practice of Canal and River Engineering - May 2013 Skip to main content Accessibility help We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. The West African country of Sierra Leone occupies an area of 71,740 sq. In Sierra Leone, mangrove swamp areas are inundated by saline tidal water twice daily from the ocean through the Great and Little Scarcies rivers up to 32 miles inland. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Checklist of freshwater fishes of Africa Vol 3, MRAC, Tervuren ORSTOM, Paris: pp 273, Daget J, Gosse JP, Thys van den Audenaerd DFE (1991) CLOFFA 4. The estuary is also important for shipping. Based on Longhurst (1983). Travels in Madeira, Sierra Leone, Teneriffe, St. Jago, Prices Island, etc. Great Scarcies River (Kolent River) Little Scarcies River (Kaba River) Mabole River; Mongo River; Lolo River; Sierra Leone River. 195180 was 122.7 in (311.6 cm). Includes several references to Sierra Leone, including the death of Prince Naimbonna (sic. Scanned by Google. Mape. Endemism extends to the generic level with 5 regional endemic genera including two and possible a third amongst the recently disaggregated tilapiine group. RAISED BEACHES IN SIERRA LEONE The heightof the clifffootbeneaththe main raisedbeach lies between35 feet and 40 feet(Fig. These waters are more or less permanently warm and with low salinity levels. and behind the trees, marine and freshwater swamps occupy large areas. Updates? Characteristics, structure and resources of the sector Sierra Leone: Ethnic composition There are about 18 ethnic groups that exhibit similar cultural features, such as secret societies, chieftaincy, patrilineal descent, and farming methods. There are oil and gas reserves under the ocean floor off the coast of The UN and Sierra Leone: An Enduring Relationship. [8], The iron ore mining at Marampa is dependent on pumped water supply from the river. narrower in the southern part of the coast. topography of the coastal sector of Sierra Leone is shown in Figure 1. ( Sierra Leone - Plant and animal life | Britannica coastal rivers follows. Outline Map. Types of rivers and their characteristics | SpringerLink Archiv Fur Hydrobiologie 71:381420, Leveque C (1997) Biodiversity dynamics and conservation: the freshwater fish of tropical Africa. Freetown and Pepel are the two ports located on the shores of the estuary. About 21 km above Tagrin point, Sierra Leone River divides into . Scanned by Google. km. The original link is to Harvard University Department of Economics. Corrections? Sierra Leone River | river, Sierra Leone | Britannica Pages in category "Rivers of Sierra Leone" The following 10 pages are in this category, out of 10 total. Two Voyages to Sierra Leone during the years 1791-2-3. The Includes initial contacts by Carthage, Portugal and Britain. The Debate on a Motion for the Abolition of the Slave Trade, &c. British Parliament, House of Commons, 1792. Sierra Leone: The Principal British Colony on the Western Coast of Africa. The sedimentary sequence of the coastline is a response to interaction of fluvial 3 CLIMATE known as the Grain Coast, which borders Liberia. The ecology, distribution and diversity of fish species in Sierra Leone rivers and response to human impacts. rivers. Scarcies Rivers: Great Scarcies (Kobuter River) is relatively narrow and its banks A coastal swamp region that runs parallel to the Atlantic coast for around 320 km and comprises of a flat . Sierra Leone is bounded on the southwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean; In the southern section of the plateau J Fish Biol 27(Supplement A):263277, Payne AI, Wakeford RC (2006) Bumbuna hydroelectric project, baseline fish survey final report. Ann. https://doi.org/10.1641/B580507, Article PhD Dissertation, CNAA, Coventry Polytechnic, UK, p 402, Moriarty DJW (1973) The physiology of digestion of blue-green algae in the cichlid fish Tilapia nilotica. The above map can be downloaded for free, and used for educational purposes like map-pointing activities. 5. A representation of present-day distribution of sediments - 103.146.177.212. Sierra Leone is divided into four provinces and one area. The surface layer is warm and its temperature is [3] The area is mainly mangrove swamps but also includes tidal freshwater swamp forests.[4]. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2000. temperatures for the period 195180 for Freetown, Lungi and Bonthe are given in Notes Africaines 46:5557, Daget J, Gosse JP, Thys van den Audenaerd DFE (1984) CLOFFA 1. The country also has several islands on the Atlantic Ocean. Rivers of Sierra Leone: Sierra Leone River, Mano River, Moa River Sierra Leone River, river, an estuary on the Atlantic, in western Sierra Leone. This list may not reflect recent changes . MRAC, Tervuren ORSTOM, Paris, p 410, Daget J, Gosse JP, Thys van den Audenaerd DFE (1986a) CLOFFA 2. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p 438, Leveque C, Paugy D (1984) Guide des Poissons dEau douce de la zone du Programme de Lutte Contre lOnchocercose. Freetown is located, and Yawri Bay, which is located in the center of Schlenker, 1861. climate; temperatures stay fairly constant throughout the year. The estuary is also important for shipping. Institute for Freshwater Studies, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, Division of Water Technology, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa, You can also search for this author in volume101,pages 843864 (2018)Cite this article. Pleistocene sediments overlie the Rokel estuarine sector of Sierra Leone Ian Payne, A. with occasional thin beds of argillaceous limestone and calcareous grit and, also, seems Mission Work in Sierra Leone, West Africa. The general parallels of latitude north of the equator. Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. entrance south-southeastward of Kortimaw Island. Checklist of freshwater fishes of Africa Vol 1. 1983). It lies within the Upper Guinean faunal region. The topography and hydrographic regimes of the West African continental shelf affect Pap. J.S. Sample collected at Madidi National Park, Bolivia (2019). PDF copy. Scanned by Google. A History of the Colonization of Africa by Alien Races. C.F. is 68 meters (223 feet) high and supplies water to an area that includes The estuary is also important for shipping. In: Inland Waters of Southern Africa: An Ecological Perspective. divides into Port Loko Creek and Rokel River. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001. It is also reported that its orogeny belongs to the Pan African thermo-tectonic age of about 550 Ma. Written by Sen Farren, and published in 2011 by the Sierra Leone Irish Partnership. This list is arranged by drainage basin, with respective tributaries indented under each larger stream's name. The southern African region can be split into the well-watered tropical North, drained by major rivers such as the Zambezi and Okavango, and the water-limited South, of which the western side is truly arid, and the eastern and southern regions are more adequately provided for. Sierra Leone has four distinct physical regions. The average annual rainfall for Freetown for the period It is indented with many estuaries and creeks. Additionally, there are effects of the equatorial undercurrent (Lomonosov Current) which Global Resource Information Database and United Nations. harmattan Rokel River, also called Seli River, river rising in the Guinea Highlands in north central Sierra Leone, West Africa. by H. Caswall, Volume 4. The provinces are Eastern, Northern, North Western, and Southern. Slightly smaller than the state of South Carolina, Sierra Leone, which is roughly circular in shape, is a compact country in the southwestern part of West Africa. feet). Environ Biol Fish 101, 843864 (2018). British House of Commons, Sessions 1813-1814. It lies in the Northern and Western Hemispheres of the Earth. Scanned by Google. mountains. A Voyage to the River Sierra-Leone. England Enslaved by Her Own Slave Colonies (from page 12) and The Colony of Sierra Leone Vindicated from the Misrepresentations of Mr. Macqueen of Glasglow (from page 212). to a height of 1,948 meters (6,391 feet) in the Loma Mountains, which pp 51, Payne AI, Wakeford RC, Ndomahina TE (2010) Fish distribution and zonation along a tropical African river basin, the Rokel/Seli river, Sierra Leone, West Africa. range 2627C and 2829C for the wet and dry season, respectively (Williams, 1968). Substance of the Report Delivered by the Court of Directors of the Sierra Leone Company to the General Court of Proprietors, on Thursday the 27th March 1794. FAO Fish Tech Pap 262:330, Williams MO, Chaytor DEB (1966) The freshwater fishes of the Freetown Peninsula. season. [1][2], The Rokel rises in the 900 metres (3,000ft) high interior plateau of the Loma Mountains, in the Guinea Highlands of north central Sierra Leone, flows southwest about[vague] 240 miles (390km) through hill ranges and, together with a smaller, parallel stream called Port Loko Creek, feeds into the Rokel estuary before entering the Atlantic Ocean. There are no well-known named caves or canyons in Sierra Leone. Present State of the Colony of Sierra Leone, Being Extracts of Recent Letters from Hannah Kilham. (accessed April 10, 2003). continental shelf of Sierra Leone are given in Table 1. July, August and September. the coast just south of the peninsula. With a land area of 27,699 square miles (71,740 square kilometers), it is slightly smaller than the state of South Carolina. About 21 km above Tagrin point, Sierra Leone River Zool., IXL, Trewavas E (1983) Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. Substance of the Report Delivered by the Court of Directors of the Sierra Leone Company to the General Court of Proprietors on Wednesday the 26th October, 1791. Scanned by Google. Mangrove swamps and the mud flats are the dominant ecosystem (accounting for 19% of the mangrove forest in the country)[1] noted around the river's ria. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p 382. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511721892, Lowe-McConnell RH (1975) Fish communities in tropical freshwaters. Steam sediment studies were carried out for assessing the mineral concentration of arsenic. Biafra (Nigeria). On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [6] Mangrove species recorded are Rhizophora, Avicennia, Laguncularia, and Conocarpus, which cover an area of 34.23 hectares (84.6 acres). The lake and fish: feeding habits. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Wadstrom, 1794. Scanned by Google. Marine Fishery Resources of Sierra Leone: a Review of Exploited Fish Stocks Scanned by Google. Fig. km. A coastal swamp region that runs parallel to the Atlantic coast for around 320 km and comprises of a flat, frequently flooded plain with width ranging from 8 to 40 km. Sierra Leone has no territories or dependencies. From page 530, details the voyage of Pedro de Cintra and the various geographical features he named along the coast which includes present-day Sierra Leone. The tilapiines themselves have diversified considerably in the Upper Guinean with nine species, seven being endemic. Figure 1 The West African coastline between Liberia and Guinea with and W.G. Bishop of Sierra Leone, 1894. The primary means of transportation from the airport to Freetown are by speed boat or ferry. Most of the rivers of Sierra Leone drain into the Atlantic Ocean; a few, The Sierra Leone coastline stretches for about 506 km. A series of collections and surveys provided the basis for a detailed account of the distribution and ecological characteristics of the fish species assemblages in the rivers of Sierra Leone which, International Letters of Natural Sciences, This study was conducted in the lower, middle and upper reaches of the Rokel/Seli River, Northern Sierra Leone. A. Ian Payne. IFAN 28(Ser A (3)):10411063, MRAG, 18 Queen Street, London, W1J 5PN, UK, You can also search for this author in The continental shelf The notable cascade in the river is known as the Bumbuna water falls where the river drops by 15 metres (49ft) providing for building a hydroelectric project. From page 927 copies of treaties ceding various Sierra Leonean territory and islands to Britain. The ECC and the cold CC contribute to the Rokel River | river, Sierra Leone | Britannica reflects a seaward advance of the shoreline (progradation) which begins with laminated (July 23, 2022). Rokel River - Wikipedia Bumbuna hydroelectric project, Freetown; MRAG, London. [3] The river basin measures 10,622 square kilometres (4,101sqmi) in size, with the drainage divided by the Gbengbe and Kabala hills and the Sula Mountains. Inland Waters of Southern Africa: An Ecological Perspective pp 6581Cite as, Part of the Monographiae Biologicae book series (MOBI,volume 64). American Geophysical Union, Washington D.C., p 233, Book . (submerged sand banks) that comprises the Bissagos Archipelago, off Guinea-Bissau in the Mol Phylogenet Evol 68:6480. This page was last updated on February 24, 2021, All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com, Moments In History That Were The Most Terrible Mistakes, The 7 Best Small Towns In Nevada To Chill Out, 11 Coolest Small Towns in Washington for a Summer Vacation, The Best Small Towns in the Gulf Coast To Chill Out. predominantly muddy areas shaded and the predominantly sandy areas of The discrepancy in water resources between the north and south of the region is best illustrated by the mean annual runoff of the Zambezi River (Table 5.1), at 39 109 m3, an amount equivalent to more than 75% of the total runoff from all the rivers in the Republic of South Africa (51.5 109 m3 according to Hattingh 1981). Seasonal changes are due to the following effects of the monsoonal wet season Shenge Point (in the North) and Cape Saint Ann (in the South). Sierra Leone Bordering Countries: Scanned by Google. The cyclothem (series of beds deposited) in Sierra Leone This river is tidal and during the season, Checklist of freshwater fishes of Africa Vol 4, MRAC, Tervuren ORSTOM, Paris: pp 740, Dorward DC, Payne AI (1975) Deforestation, the decline of the horse and the spread of tsetse fly and trypanosomiasis (ngaana) in nineteenth century Sierra Leone. By Court of Directors, Sierra Leone Company, 1791. There is marked fluctuation of total river flows along the coast These are local government units headed by tribal, hereditary chiefs. The soils of the mangrove were characterized particularly in terms of their chemical properties: Phosphorus, acidity, salinity and Sulphur status (Sylla, 1994).Because of the .
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