At the time of his birth, he was also sixth in the line of succession to the British throne, after his maternal uncles and his mother. What is the answer to today's cryptoquote in newsday? Related lists from IMDb users. Despite their very troubled relationship, Wilhelm wrote to a friend, "Today the 100th birthday of my mother! for sureee its barney. The baby, a girl named Victoria, was known as Vicky to her family. George and Wilhelm were first cousins because they were both grandsons of Queen Victoria. What is the difference between Tsar and Czar? He was another first cousin of George V, whose mother, Alexandra of Denmark, was the sister of the Tsars mother, Dagmar of Denmark. Over the course of his reign, the German colonial empire acquired new territories in China and the Pacific (such as Jiaozhou Bay, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Caroline Islands) and became Europe's largest manufacturer. In. But Victoria didnt stop at just saying no. There were a number of Wars during the reign of Queen On 1 January 1920, it was stated in official circles in London that Great Britain would "welcome refusal by Holland to deliver the former kaiser for trial," and it was hinted that this had been conveyed to the Dutch government through diplomatic channels. This is not only the story of their lives in terms of world impact, but also of their own personal achievements, their . Not long after, Wilhelm rallied German soldiers to fight in the Chinese Boxer Rebellion (1899-1901), nicknaming the soldiers "Huns" and encouraging them to fight like Attila's troops. Just under 172 years ago, there was a birth as highly anticipated as the current royal baby. Later historians downplayed his role, arguing that senior officials regularly learned to work around the Kaiser's back. Losing the support of his country's military and many of his subjects, Wilhelm was forced to abdicate during the German Revolution of 19181919. The German Foreign Office issued an edited version, making sure to omit one particularly incendiary paragraph that they regarded as diplomatically embarrassing. Wilhelm's hope of retaining at least one of his crowns was revealed as unrealistic when, in the hope of preserving the monarchy in the face of growing revolutionary unrest, Chancellor Prince Max of Baden announced Wilhelm's abdication of both titles on 9 November 1918. Kaiser Wilhelm II, German Emperor (1859-1941, emperor 1888-1919), married Augusta Viktoria of Schleswig-Holstein and Hermine Reuss of Greiz Duchess Charlotte of Saxe-Meiningen (1860-1919), married Bernhard III, Duke of Saxe-Meinengen Prince Henry of Prussia (1862-1929), married Princess Irene of Hesse and by the Rhine Is Kaiser Wilhelm related to Queen Elizabeth? Is the royal family related to Queen Victoria? The Emperor has therefore charged me with making a communication. Learn more about Erin and her work at erinblakemore.com. [30], Wilhelm supported the modernisers as they tried to reform the Prussian system of secondary education, which was rigidly traditional, elitist, politically authoritarian, and unchanged by the progress in the natural sciences. [19], As a young man, Wilhelm fell in love with one of his maternal first cousins, Princess Elisabeth of Hesse-Darmstadt. Links The Peerage Geneall He was Germany's last Kaiser and the grandchild of Queen Perhaps the most apparent was that Wilhelm was an impatient man, subjective in his reactions and affected strongly by sentiment and impulse. Thus, all five living former monarchs are first cousins or closer relatives. He was succeeded as Chancellor of Germany and Minister-President of Prussia by Leo von Caprivi, who in turn was replaced by Chlodwig, Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfrst, in 1894. Each marriage was a form of soft power, says Cadbury. Queen Victoria's eldest child, Vicky, married the German Crown Prince in 1858. The new Emperor opposed Bismarck's careful foreign policy, preferring vigorous and rapid expansion to protect Germany's "place in the sun". Ludwig then married another woman with whom he had three more children. The existing Imperial admiralty was abolished, and its responsibilities divided between two organisations. Embed from Getty Images. It was a United Protestant denomination, bringing together Reformed and Lutheran believers. After 1871, Wilhelm also became second in the line to the newly created German Empire, which, according to the constitution of the German Empire, was ruled by the Prussian king. She was the first cousin to George V of England and Kaiser The Head of the Naval Cabinet was responsible for promotions, appointments, administration, and issuing orders to naval forces. Is Anastasia true story? Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, a descendant of King Edward VII, is currently the oldest living great-great-grandchild of Queen Victoria as well as her oldest living descendant. Farewell, comrades![48][49]. He was removed from the line of succession upon his marriage to a Roman Catholic in 2002 . Her son, Nicholas II of Russia, married Alix of Hesse and by Rhine, yet another granddaughter of Queen Victoria, on 26 November 1894, and she became empress-consort as Alexandra Feodorovna.Victoria, meanwhile, was the grandmother of an emperor, a king-emperor, four queens consort and an empress consort. Albert was born on February 11, 1819. He was her grandson. He also learned the Dutch language. Of the three cousins involved in the start of WWI, two survived, George V and Wilhelm II. Victoria's dynasty. He admired his grandparents who became Kaiser and Empress when he was small. Their loving and prolific marriage produced nine children between 1840 and 1857, most of whom married into other European royal families. In South West Africa (now Namibia), a native revolt against German rule led to the Herero and Namaqua genocide, although Wilhelm eventually ordered it to be stopped. Victorias favorite granddaughter, Alix of Hesse, fell in love with Nicholas Romanov, heir apparent to the Russian throne. When Alfred attempted to subdue him by force, Wilhelm bit him on the leg. In 1889, Wilhelm's younger sister, Sophia, married the future King Constantine I of Greece. Mini Bio (1) Kaiser William II was born on January 27, 1859 to a Prince and Princess of Prussia. Furthermore, it is believed that all five rulers were descended from King William III of England and Queen Mary II. Sophie visited England throughout the 1920s. In 1880 Wilhelm became engaged to Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein, known as "Dona". "[103] Continental Europe was now, Wilhelm wrote, "consolidating and closing itself off from British influences after the elimination of the British and the Jews!" The German royal became fixated on his mother in an attempt to win her love, Professor Rhl argues. The Sultan subsequently rejected a set of French-proposed governmental reforms and invited major world powers to a conference that advised him on necessary reforms. Nicholas was also married to Alexandra, daughter of Alexander . We and our partners share information on your use of this website to help improve your experience. How is Tsar Nicholas related to Queen Victoria? But when he died in 1989, he was treated as a god in Japan. [8] Due to the "narrowness of the birth canal", he then forcibly pulled the left arm downwards, tearing the brachial plexus, then continued to grasp the left arm to rotate the infant's trunk and free the right arm, likely exacerbating the injury. We strive for accuracy and fairness. Born in Madrid, Romanov is the son of Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna Romanova, the self-proclaimed heir to Russias imperial throne. We may earn commission from links on this page, but we only recommend products we back. George Vopposed Kaiser Wilhelms policies (as did Czar Nicholas before his murder), and the diplomatic ties Victoria hoped she had helped form with her meddling matchmaking began to break down. A lax wartime leader, Wilhelm left virtually all decision-making regarding strategy and organisation of the war effort to the German Army's Great General Staff. Wilhelm also idolised his grandfather, Wilhelm I, and he was instrumental in later attempts to foster a cult of the first German Emperor as "Wilhelm the Great". "[72] In the original Schlieffen Plan, Germany would attack the (supposed) weaker enemy first, meaning France. Whoever falls into your hands is forfeited. [37] He had an especially bad relationship with his Uncle Bertie, the Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII). Nonetheless, they continued the war for four more years. The monarchy's last and strongest support had been broken, and finally even Hindenburg, himself a lifelong monarchist, was obliged, after polling his generals, to advise the Emperor to give up the crown. 1. 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. Queen Victoria wrote in her journal for 21 April 1894, 'the whole of our large family party were photographed by English, as well as German photographers. However, none are siblings since Edward VII and Georges V were both children when their parents married. While the letter of the imperial constitution vested executive power in the emperor, Wilhelm I had been content to leave day-to-day administration to Bismarck. While Kaiser Wilhelm II attended Queen Victorias funeral in 1901, barely a decade later Britain and Germany were at war. Another estimate has it at about one-eighth. Answer: Which one? Despite this, the Kaiser accepted the suggestion. His Kartell, the majority of the amalgamated German Conservative Party and the National Liberal Party, favoured making the laws permanent, with one exception: the police power to expel Socialist agitators from their homes. His childhood was spent enduring futile treatments ranging from having a freshly slaughtered hare wrapped around his arm, to electrotherapy treatment and metal restraints to keep his posture upright. * KG V was a constitutional monarch with very limited power. Kings and Queens a list of 200 people created 29 Dec 2019 Though Alix turned down Nicholas twice, she eventually got Victorias grudging approval and married him right after he became Tsar of Russia. In one letter, Wilhelm writes: I have been dreaming about your dear soft, warm hands, I am awaiting with impatience the time when I can sit near you and kiss them but pray keep your promise you gave me always to give me alone the soft inside of your hand to kiss, but of course you keep this as a secret for yourself., In another letter, he tells her: I have again dreamt about you, this time I was alone with you in your library when you stretched forth your arms and pulled me down. Where are Pisa and Boston in relation to the moon when they have high tides? It is all the more outrageous that this crime has been committed by a nation that takes pride in its ancient culture. He also was present at the funeral of King Edward VII in 1910. We must drive Juda out of England just as he has been chased out of the Continent. Left to right: Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany, Queen Victoria, King George V of England, and Tzar Nicholas II of Russia. The Queen, Prince Philip, and all of their descendants are also related to the Romanovs through Queen Victoria, as she was Tsarina Alexandras grandmother.Queen Elizabeth is a great-great-granddaughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Philip is Victorias great-great-grandson. At the opening of the Reichstag on 6 May 1890, the Kaiser stated that the most pressing issue was the further enlargement of the bill concerning the protection of the labourer. After visiting Jerusalem and Bethlehem, the Kaiser went back to Jaffa to embark to Beirut, where he took the train passing Aley and Zahl to reach Damascus on 7 November. The thought that he, as heir to the throne, should not be able to ride was intolerable to her. Wilhelm and Nicholas were third cousins, not first cousins. What was the capital of BC before Victoria? The German Emperor, Wilhelm I, watched as his grandson, guided principally by the Crown Princess Victoria, grew to manhood. How do I claim $250 energy rebate in Victoria? All Rights Reserved. As a boy and a student, his manner had been polite and agreeable; as an officer, he began to strut and speak brusquely in the tone he deemed appropriate for a Prussian officer. Documentary about the closely related rulers of three different European empires: Georg V of Britain, Wilhelm II of Germany and Nicholas II of Russia, all of them grandchildren of Queen Victoria, whose countries fought on different sides in World War I. Even though they were not that close, the two men agreed that Wilhelm would get married to a daughter of Russia's crown prince Vladimir. Instead, he agreed with his tutors' support of autocratic rule, and gradually became thoroughly 'Prussianized' under their influence. In addition, the U.K.'s Queen Elizabeth II is also second cousin once removed to Nicholas II due to their shared ancestry from Prince Charles, Prince of Wales and his wife Diana, Princess of Wales. Wilhelm's reign culminated in Germany's guarantee of military support to Austria-Hungary during the crisis of July 1914, one of the immediate causes of World War I. Is the queen related to the Kaiser? But unlike many of Victorias grandchildren, Wilhelm couldnt be controlled by a word from his grandma. At the 1914 border between France and Germany, an attack at this more southern part of France could be stopped by the French fortress along the border. Vicky then endured a difficult birth that almost took her life and left her baby, the future Kaiser Wilhelm II, with a permanently paralysed arm. But Frederick III would only rule for 99 days. You know full well that you are to fight against a cunning, brave, well-armed, and cruel enemy. [6] Observing her contractions to be insufficiently strong, Martin administered a dose of ergot extract, and at 2:45 pm saw the infant's buttocks emerging from the birth canal, but noticed the pulse in the umbilical cord was weak and intermittent. [34] According to Fromkin, In the early 1930s, Wilhelm apparently hoped that the successes of the Nazi Party would stimulate interest in a restoration of the monarchy, with his eldest grandson as the new Kaiser. As the forces that would eventually cause World War I bore down on Victorias grandchildren, says Cadbury, the bonds of royal cousinhood became essentially powerless. The result was nothing short of tragic. Victorias most contentious grandchild was Kaiser Wilhelm II, the volatile ruler of the German empire. When Helmuth von Moltke (the younger) (who had chosen the old plan from 1905, made by General von Schlieffen for the possibility of German war on two fronts) told him that this was impossible, Wilhelm said: "Your uncle would have given me a different answer! The Kaiser declared he had come to support the sovereignty of the Sultana statement which amounted to a provocative challenge to French influence in Morocco. [38] In turn, Wilhelm often snubbed his uncle, whom he referred to as "the old peacock" and lorded his position as emperor over him. [62], The new admiral had conceived of what came to be known as the "Risk Theory" or the Tirpitz Plan, by which Germany could force Britain to accede to German demands in the international arena through the threat posed by a powerful battlefleet concentrated in the North Sea. Despite having a warm relationship with Baron von Windthorst, Kaiser Wilhelm was furious to hear about the plans for coalition talks only after they had already begun. Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, King George V of Britain and Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany were cousins. As the Netherlands was a neutral country, he decided to seek asylum there. Nevertheless, Wilhelm still retained the ultimate authority in matters of political appointment, and it was only after his consent had been gained that major changes to the high command could be effected. Born during the reign of his granduncle Frederick William IV of Prussia, Wilhelm was the son of Prince Frederick William and Victoria, Princess Royal. [14], Wilhelm, from six years of age, was tutored and heavily influenced by the 39-year-old teacher Georg Ernst Hinzpeter. Prussia. [66], Historians typically argue that Wilhelm was largely confined to ceremonial duties during the warthere were innumerable parades to review and honours to award. The consequences were astonishing: World War I left more people dead than any war in history and left Europe in shambles. . Nicholas II and George V were first cousins through their mothers, both Danish princesses and sisters who made grand marriages. Not only that, Germany's Kaiser Wilhelm was a cousin of the British king. German Emperor and King of Prussia from 1888 to 1918, "Wilhelm II" and "Kaiser Wilhelm II" redirect here. Grandson to Queen Victoria, he was Queen Elizabeth II's first cousin . However, through their daughter Elizabeth they are also first cousins twice removed from the current British monarch, Elizabeth II. "[98], Also, in 1940 came what would have been his mother's 100th birthday. A new position was created, equivalent to the supreme commander of the army: the Chief of the High Command of the Admiralty, or Oberkommando der Marine, was responsible for ship deployments, strategy and tactics. So on July 17, 1917, to prove his loyalty to England, Queen Victoria's grandson King George V officially declared that "all descendants in the male line of Queen Victoria, who are subjects of these realms, other than female descendants who marry or who have married, shall . He was Germany's last Kaiser and Queen Victoria's grandson.Erich Ludendorff and Paul von HindenburgKaiser Wilhelm.kaiser Wilhelm. ", in response to the political competition between the Christian sects to build bigger and grander churches and monuments which made the sects appear idolatrous and turned Muslims away from the Christian message. Heres how the queens matchmaking helped createand destroymodern Europe. Prince Albert Edward Wettin. After realizing that Germany would lose the war, Wilhelm abdicated the throne on November 9, 1918, and fled to the Netherlands. Wilhelm was in favour of the dismissal of Colonel General Helmuth von Moltke in September 1914 and his replacement by General Erich von Falkenhayn. When Wilhelm became emperor at age 19, he moved his court to Berlin and had little contact with his relatives in other parts of Europe. The United Kingdom's King George V (Victoria's grandson via Albert Edward/Edward VII) Marie, Victoria's grandson, married Ferdinand I of Romania (the father of Ferdinanda, Victoria's granddaughter). Another cousin of George V was Alexandra, Thus, Thomas Nipperdey concludes he was, gifted, with a quick understanding, sometimes brilliant, with a taste for the modern,technology, industry, sciencebut at the same time superficial, hasty, restless, unable to relax, without any deeper level of seriousness, without any desire for hard work or drive to see things through to the end, without any sense of sobriety, for balance and boundaries, or even for reality and real problems, uncontrollable and scarcely capable of learning from experience, desperate for applause and success,as Bismarck said early on in his life, he wanted every day to be his birthdayromantic, sentimental and theatrical, unsure and arrogant, with an immeasurably exaggerated self-confidence and desire to show off, a juvenile cadet, who never took the tone of the officers' mess out of his voice, and brashly wanted to play the part of the supreme warlord, full of panicky fear of a monotonous life without any diversions, and yet aimless, pathological in his hatred against his English mother. She Had a Famously Strict Childhood. There were two versions of the speech. Historians have suggested that this disability affected his emotional development. Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert prinz von Preuen (27 January 1859 - 4 June 1941) was the last German Emperor and King of Prussia Emperor of Germany and King of Prussia on 15 June 1888 Abdicated as German Emperor and King of Preussia on 28 November 1918 although William never personally abdicated. On January 27, 1859, Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany was born to Frederick III and Victoria, Princess Royal, the sister of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom (George's father). But by 1918, the Kaiser had fallen from grace, living in exile in the Netherlands, where he died in 1941. His third visit was on 15 October 1917, as the guest of Sultan Mehmed V. The Boxer Rebellion, an anti-foreign uprising in China, was put down in 1900 by an international force known as the Eight-Nation Alliance. It was a criminal offense, punishable by prison, although the law was rarely invoked or enforced. Nicholas and George were both sons of King George II of England and Denmark. Her work has appeared in outlets like The Washington Post, National Geographic, The Atlantic, TIME, Smithsonian and more. Edward was Queen Victoria's second child. [87] He purchased a country house in the municipality of Doorn, known as Huis Doorn, and moved in on 15 May 1920. Cousin could betray cousin, husband was set against wife and even sister against sister, says Cadbury. King George V wrote that he looked on his cousin as "the greatest criminal in history", but opposed Prime Minister David Lloyd George's proposal to "hang the Kaiser". How is Prince Philip related to the Tsar? This had a major impact on him and, in maturity, Wilhelm was seldom seen out of uniform. This misery crept across Europe as Victorias grandchildren, their spouses and their countries became more and more nationalistic and fragmented. It also came less than a year after their son Joachim committed suicide. Edward's wife, the Danish-born Alexandra, also disliked Wilhelm. She turned him down, and in time, married into the Russian imperial family. Now you may depart! What do Victorians do in their free time. Prince August Wilhelm of Prussia was the fourth son of Wilhelm II, German Emperor by his first wife, Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein. It didnt take poison and several bullets to kill him. Despite emerging victorious over Russia and obtaining significant territorial gains in Eastern Europe, Germany was forced to relinquish all its conquests after a decisive defeat on the Western Front in the autumn of 1918. [54] Historians have linked the Eulenberg scandal to a fundamental shift in German policy that heightened its military aggressiveness and ultimately contributed to World War I.[52]. The banner headline read: "Kaiser, 25 Years a Ruler, Hailed as Chief Peacemaker". Born in 1859, Wilhelm II was the oldest grandchild of Britain's Queen Victoria. He was brought up and abused as the eldest son in Bavaria, and Kaiser Wilhelm, the idealist, was in touch with him. He grew up like any Prussian Prince, except for an arm that was deformed from birth. Victoria ruled in Great Britain for 64 years from 1837-1901, and acquired the name " The Mother of Europe " due to the number of thrones occupied by her descendants. Then, tragedy struck and he died suddenly of influenza in 1892. The Alexandra who was prominent in WWI was the granddaughter of In later years, Bismarck created the "Bismarck myth"; the view (which some historians have argued was confirmed by subsequent events) that Wilhelm II's successful demand for the Iron Chancellor's resignation destroyed any chance Imperial Germany ever had of stable government and international peace. Wilhelm II succeeded his father, becoming kaiser of Germany at the tender age of 29. For these reasons, the Kaiser believed that he had the right to be informed before The Iron Chancellor began coalition talks with the Opposition. How was Kaiser Wilhelm related to Queen Victoria? [118] Following his trip to Constantinople (which he visited three timesan unbeaten record for any European monarch)[119] in 1898, Wilhelm II wrote to Nicholas II that,[120], "If I had come there without any religion at all, I certainly would have turned Mohammedan! [111] Until the late 1950s, Germany under the last Kaiser was depicted by most historians as an almost absolute monarchy. [45] In his second visit, Wilhelm secured a promise for German companies to construct the BerlinBaghdad railway,[44] and had the German Fountain constructed in Istanbul to commemorate his journey. [48] The edited version was this: Great overseas tasks have fallen to the new German Empire, tasks far greater than many of my countrymen expected. One of the few times when Wilhelm succeeded in personal diplomacy was when in 1900 he supported the marriage of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria to Countess Sophie Chotek, against the wishes of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria. Wilhelm was born on the 27th of January 1859 in Berlin, Prussia. The couple married on 27 February 1881, and remained married for 40 years, until her death in 1921. In 1886, also, thanks to Herbert von Bismarck, the son of the Chancellor, Prince Wilhelm began to be trained twice a week at the Foreign Ministry. He didnt sleep with the Tsarina or her daughters, though he did touch and kiss women when meeting them.Thats the scope of the drama Rasputin was at the center of. This means he is King George V's first cousin. Her death marked the end of an era where many of her subjects knew no other monarch. However, Wilhelm often undermined such progress by making tactless and threatening statements towards other countries without first consulting his ministers. The couple had three children: Anna, Paul, and Michael. A great task awaits you [in China]: you are to revenge the grievous injustice that has been done. Wilhelm gets a kind of crush on his mum. They were also second cousins twice removed through their shared great-grandparents Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany, and Princess Louise Caroline of Brunswick. According to Eksteins, the Iron Chancellor, in his need for a scapegoat, had demonized Classical Liberals in the 1860s, Roman Catholics in the 1870s, and Socialists in the 1880s with the highly successful and often repeated refrain, "The Reich is in danger." He became King of the United Kingdom in 1901. The torments inflicted on me, in this pony riding, must be attributed to my mother."[14]. Prisoners will not be taken. This illustrated encyclopedia of European Royalty profiles all of them. He conferred with representatives of Sultan Abdelaziz of Morocco. Bismarck resigned at Wilhelm II's insistence in 1890, at the age of 75. The head of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha until 1951 was Ernest Augustus, who was also king of Hanover. This included the future King, Edward VII and Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany. His parents, particularly his British mother, tried to provide Wilhelm with a liberal education and a love of England. The wedding of Tsar Nicholas II and the Princess Alix of Hesse, 1894. Luckily, she had plenty of family members with which to do it. The Chinese have overturned the law of nations; they have mocked the sacredness of the envoy, the duties of hospitality in a way unheard of in world history. But of our Germany, which was a nation of poets and musicians, of artists and soldiers, he has made a nation of hysterics and hermits, engulfed in a mob and led by a thousand liars or fanatics. Whether he was the right tutor for me, I dare not decide. The generations are numbered from the ascension of, Anti-England, anti-Semitic, and anti-Freemason views. British public opinion had been quite favourable towards the Kaiser in his first twelve years on the throne, but it turned sour in the late 1890s. During the ceremony, the four-year-old became restless. They were also related by blood. Wilhelm thus developed a dysfunctional relationship with his parents, but especially with his English mother. Queen . [24], After a heated argument at Bismarck's estate over the latter's alleged disrespect for the monarchy, Wilhelm stormed out. The Kartell split over this issue and nothing was passed. However, Wilhelm II stopped any invasion of the Netherlands. The most known example is that Nicholas, his wife, Alexandra, and Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany were all first cousins to King George V of the United Kingdom via Queen Victoria. [61], Nothing Wilhelm did in the international arena was of more influence than his decision to pursue a policy of massive naval construction. The relationship between the two men was always tense because Wilhelm wanted to lead his own army and conduct his own foreign policy rather than follow a strict chain of command as Nicholas did. was the fact that the monarchs of Europe were all closely related. Determined to have his own way, he forced Chancellor Otto von Bismarck to resign in 1890, and took charge of domestic and foreign policy himself. After Kassel he spent four terms at the University of Bonn, studying law and politics. Nicholas was also married to Alexandra, daughter of Alexander I of Russia. Join thought-provoking conversations, follow other Independent readers and see their replies. George V, the grandfather of the current Queen, Elizabeth II. [73] On Monday, he motored back to Berlin from Potsdam and issued an imperial order to convene the Reichstag the next day. They married in 1840 and had six children. Kaiser Wilhelm, the last German Emperor was one of the grandsons of Queen. He frequently fell into depressions and hysterics William's personal instability was reflected in vacillations of policy. Hermine remained a constant companion to the aging former emperor until his death. [1][2][3] By the second decade of the 20th century, Germany could rely only on significantly weaker nations such as Austria-Hungary and the declining Ottoman Empire as allies. First, the court-inspired writers considered him a martyr and a hero, often uncritically accepting the justifications provided in the Kaiser's own memoirs. After weeks of this he was finally able to maintain his balance. [9] After completing the delivery, and despite realising the newborn prince was hypoxic, Martin turned his attention to the unconscious Victoria.
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