Choose the best response: Which virus was most virulent? To study this condition, he selected 100 children who were diagnosed with this condition and 100 children born in the same time period and in the same hospital who did not have a diagnosis of neonatal jaundice. However, the manufacturers are not concerned with the specificity and do not want the cost of the test to rise. : These mothers are considered to have been followed prospectively during the entire course of their pregnancies, because a complete and accurate record of drug use was maintained during pregnancy.] B. Assume everyone ate the same food items. For example, women are more likely to be -the person has had symptoms and has had medical attention but does not know the name of the disease. Subsequent laboratory tests on everyone who attended the luncheon revealed an additional 72 cases. Environmental and occupational health problems are a specialization of epidemiology. In community A, 200 susceptible people were exposed to an index case, 150 people were infected (not including the index case), 75 people became ill, and 40 people died. In the 2010 Census, respondents were given the option of selecting more than be affected by certain health conditions due to aging. The severity (stage) of disease of the patients at the two hospitals at baseline 2. Epidemiology Flashcards | Chegg.com He then reviewed the obstetrical and delivery records of their mothers to determine carious prenatal and perinatal expsoures. Give an example of each. Epidemiology Exam 1 Flashcards | Quizlet What part of the disease cycle is he or she trying to affect? Americans have a higher incidence of hypertension than whites, even at an early age The epidemiologic and clinical descriptions of a disease are different. 3 Which of the following activities characterizes a clinical approach (as opposed to an epidemiological approach)? Race is important to factor in due to the implications that race has in health disparities. population is equal to the incidence of new cases multiplied by the average duration of Cyclic variations in the occurrence of pneumonia and influenza mortality may relfect seasonal variations in cases of influenza The study of diseases linked to harmful physical energy, such as ionizing radiation, would be outside the scope of epidemiology. D. both A and B A. seasonal variations in cases of influenza . Cyclic variations in the occurrence of disease may reflect Changes in exposure to infectious agentsChanges in the risk-taking behavior of personsSeasonal variations Main purpose of descriptive epi Test hypotheses Exposure Contact with a disease-causing factor or the amount of the factor that affects a group of individuals The person with disease has had no symptoms and is not aware of the disease 2. Indicate by choosing the appropriate option whether the use is for incidence or prevalence data. True or False? Smoking seems much more likely to be casually related to lung cancer than to coronary thrombosis. Incidence is often expressed as a rate per unit of population and time (e., per 100, In this work, Hippocrates idealized that diseases may be associated with The health officer says, 'If people catch the Pox, they suddenly get the urge to dance in the sand and fall dead on the beach within the hour.' Cross), Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham), Forecasting, Time Series, and Regression (Richard T. O'Connell; Anne B. Koehler), The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber), Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (Gay L. R.; Mills Geoffrey E.; Airasian Peter W.), Civilization and its Discontents (Sigmund Freud), Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (Janice L. Hinkle; Kerry H. Cheever), Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), Psychology (David G. Myers; C. Nathan DeWall), Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), Give Me Liberty! Indicate by choosing the appropriate option whether the use is for incidence or prevalence data: This is a use primarily for incidence data. All individuals with an odd hospital admission number are assigned to the second group. 15 cyclic variations in the occurrence of disease may - Course Hero E. coli O157:H7 is not considered a threat to the food supply of the United States. Answer Feedback: That is incorrect. Your Answer: In community A, 200 susceptible people were exposed to an index case, 150 people were infected (not including the index case), 75 people became ill, and 40 people died. greater variation than rates defined by other personal attributes. Incidence and prevalence data have different applications in public health. This idea broke from the norm in society that disease was Final Exam study cards Flashcards | Chegg.com - Immunization against rubella - Primary prevention active. The public health officer from Long Beach complains to you about the dreaded Pacific Pox. 3. The cause of death on a death certificate may be incorrect because: Before utilizing data for an epidemiologic study, the researcher must first consider, The nature of the data A real reason for change in prevalence could be a change in surviorship. (You may Reasons for gender differences in mortality may include: Question 12. geographical region. Descriptive epidemiology has the following characteristics (circle all that apply): -provides the basis for planning and evaluation of health services. Measures of lifestyle (smoking prevalence, mean per capita intake of calories, annual sales of alcohol and number of memberships in health clubs), An example of passive follow-up in cohort studies is, Collection and maintenance of data by the federal government. EXAM 1 Study Guide - Cyclic variations in the occurrence of pneumonia and influenza mortality may - Studocu epi chapter 1-4 study notes. certain diseases increases with age, such as cancer. Community A receives its water from several sources. Smoking cessation 2. It was theorized that the flu began in which US state in 1918? Roller-skating injuries in Metroville: 600 seasonal variations in cases of influenza. Im not proud that I had never even considered it a problem until it was True or False? It is known that certain Socrates popularized the notion that the environment is associated with human disease. Subsequent laboratory tests on everyone who attended the luncheon revealed an additional 72 cases. Changes in the risk-taking behavior of persons 3. The best evidence to determine which suspected water supply is responsible would be: The attack rates for disease X in those who did and did not drink from each water supply. C. long-term changes in mortality trends. The term health disparities refers to differences in health characteristics (e.g., mortality and burden of disease) that exist among specific U.S. population groups. Social and Behavioral dimensions that impact human health include: social adversities, stress, and lifestyle practices, Help received from other people when one is under stress. Subsequent laboratory tests on everyone who attended the luncheon revealed an additional 72 cases. The results of routine physical examinations 2. In community B, pathogenicity was 40%, infectivity was 90%, and virulence was 60%. Policy evaluation, Using epidemiology for operational research involves, Blood pressure measurements on adult males 30-39 years of age were obtained in a survey of a representative sample of Twin Cities households. A prerequisite for using direct age adjustment is that the age-specific death rates in the study population must be stable. both A and B be due to: Estimating the frequency of exposure. What level of prevention is represented by nutritional counseling for pregnant True or False? Solved Cyclic variations in the occurrence of disease may - Chegg The study was designed to assess the association between supplemental vitamin A exposure and mortality and morbidity for measles. The results are charted below, an apparently longer survival time among persons identified during a screening program because they were identified at an earlier stage of their disease. The death rate per 100,000 for coronary thrombosis is 422 among non-smokers and 599 among smokers. Cyclic variations in the occurrence of pneumonia and influenza mortality may reflect: 2.A. The 2009-2010 episode of influenza first identified in the United States and eventually called 2009 H1N1 influenza was classified as a pandemic by WHO in summer 2009. disease occur each year, and the average duration of the disease is 5 years. B. the fact that influenza is a disappearing disorder. The water source responsible for causing an outbreak of disease X is unknown. Changes in exposure to infectious agents 2. What are the two types of epidemics? The case fatality rate of a disease is defined as the number of deaths due to the disease divided by the number of cases of the disease during a specified time period times 100. With respect to a hypothetical rabies investigation conducted among veterinary workers (Dr. Spot, 2003), researchers found that rabies was almost always fatal. R educe error that results from subjects knowledge of their assignment to study conditions. - Pasteurization of milk - Primary prevention passive Based on your understanding of foods that potentially are capable of transmitting salmonella, the most likely source of the outbreak was. Surgeons at Hospital A report that the mortality rate at the end of a one-year follow-up after a new coronary bypass procedure is 15%. specific death rates in the study population must not be stable. The three historical figures that I found most interesting in our textbook were Alexander Reduce error that results from the way in which the outcome is assessed 2. This problem has been solved! life. incidence of the disease and the duration of the illness. population over a specified time period. A major resurgence of measles occurred during the period 1989 to 1990. particularly for chronic disease: The fundamental tool for etiologic studies of both acute and chronic diseases: The incidence of a disease is five times greater in men than in women, but the 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. Long term changes in mortality trends. Subjects for an exposure-based cohort study would be selected most appropriately from, Certain occupational groups such as battery workers, True or False: In community intervention studies, it is important for the investigator to evaluate whether a program has achieved its intended results before assuming the benefits of the intervention. The criterion of plausibility refers to the existence of a dose-response relationship.
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