African nations such as Uganda and Zimbabwe; Asian nations such North Korea; Middle Eastern countries including Syria and Iran; South American countries like Venezuela; and a host of other nations throughout the world are recognized dictatorships with varying levels of corruption and brutality. To save this word, you'll need to log in. [136] Should a dictatorship fail, elections also permit dictators and elites to accept defeat without fearing violent recourse. According to Ford, Dictatorship is the assumption of extra-legal authority by the Head of the State. Displaying 1 - 20 of 68 articles. A self-proclaimed leader, usually an army officer, heading a private army typically formed from the peasantry with the support of provincial landowners, established his control over one or more provinces, and then marched upon the national capital. [61] In Europe, the Commonwealth of England under Oliver Cromwell, formed in 1649 after the Second English Civil War, has been described as a military dictatorship by its contemporary opponents and by some modern academics. The complex decisions required of governments in a technological era, the perfectionist impulses of the great bureaucratic structures that have developed in all industrialized societies, and the imperatives of national survival in a nuclear world continue to add to the process of executive aggrandizement. Economies based on natural resources allow dictators more power, as they can easily extract rents without strengthening or cooperating with other institutions. Early African dictatorships were primarily personalist socialist dictatorships, in which a single socialist would take power instead of a ruling party. [56] At least 85 such dictators were chosen over the course of the Roman Republic, the last of which was chosen to wage the Second Punic War. In some instances, a group of nations or communities could be governed under a dictatorship instead of a single nation. In many cases, of course, such provisions have been the instruments with which dictators have overthrown the regime. [135] Elections are also used to control elites within the dictatorship by requiring them to compete with one another and incentivizing them to build support with the populace, allowing the most popular and most competent elites to be promoted in the regime. The 20th-century dictatorships in Latin American countries had different aims. Unlike in the United States and other similar nations, the people living in a dictatorship have no rights of free speech, freedom of religion, a free press or even the right to hold an opinion in opposition to the ruler and ruling party. [78], At the same time, nationalist movements grew throughout Europe. A dictatorship is a form of government which is characterized by a leader, or a group of leaders, who hold governmental powers with few to no limitations on them. Dictatorship - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Create your account, 20 chapters | Corrections? Far-left and far-right dictatorships used similar methods to maintain power, including cult of personality, concentration camps, forced labour, mass murder, and genocide. Between 1950 and 2016, one-party dictatorships made up 57% of authoritarian regimes in the world,[26] and one-party dictatorships have continued to expand more quickly than other forms of dictatorship in the latter half of the 20th century. Dictatorship. Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/dictatorship. Many of the classical conditions of oligarchic rule were found until the 20th century in those parts of Asia in which governing elites were recruited exclusively from a ruling castea hereditary social grouping set apart from the rest of society by religion, kinship, economic status, prestige, and even language. Speaking on May Day, he said, "Today our working-class . [7] The opposition can be an external group, or it can also include current and former members of the dictator's inner circle. The dictator maintains control by influencing and appeasing the inner circle and repressing any opposition, which may include rival political parties, armed resistance, or disloyal members of the dictator's inner circle. Military dictatorships may be ruled by a single high-ranking military officer or by a group of such officers. The rights of the people are typically suppressed in a dictatorship, sometimes to a great degree. [133] A study found that dictatorships that engage in oil drilling are more likely to remain in power, with 70.63% of the dictators who engage in oil drilling still being in power after 5 years of dictatorship, while only 59.92% of the non-oil producing dictators survive the first 5 years. [82], Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party created a second fascist dictatorship in Germany in 1933,[83] obtaining absolute power through a combination of electoral victory, violence, and emergency powers. Parties that take power through violence are often able to implement larger changes in a shorter period of time. A dictatorship is a form of government characterized by the absolute rule of one person or a very small group of people who hold all political power. These movements supported pan-Arab Nasserism during most of the Cold War, but they were largely replaced by Islamic nationalism by the 1980s. dictatorship - Kids | Britannica Kids | Homework Help Governments classified by mode of succession, Succession by constitutional prescription, Governments classified by stage of development, Protection of political and social rights, Development and change in political systems. In military dictatorships, it is the military that exerts complete or substantial control over the government rather than a political clique. Government Overview, Purpose & Types | What is a Government? Although similar in some respects to the dictatorships of the new countries, the caudillos of 19th- and 20th-century Latin America represented a very different type of monocratic rule. President Biden is expected to make his reelection announcement as soon as Tuesday, beginning the 80-year-old career politician's final campaign. Several dictatorships have persisted into the 21st century, particularly in Africa and Asia. [107] Dictatorships are often recipients of foreign aid on the condition that they make advances toward democratization. The relations between the countries were strained by Soviet attempts to influence Yugoslavia, leading to the TitoStalin split in 1948. The general population has no say in the functioning of the government. In a dictatorship, the dictator has absolute power. [101] Albania was established as a communist dictatorship under Enver Hoxha in 1944. They are often unstable, and the average duration of a military dictatorship is only five years, but they are often followed by additional military coups and military dictatorships. [143], Institutions that coerce the opposition through the use of violence may serve different roles or they may be used to counterbalance one another in order to prevent one institution from becoming too powerful. A dictatorship is a form of government characterized by the rule of one person or a small group of people who have no checks and balances on their power. Dictatorships can be formed by a military coup that overthrows the previous government through force or they can be formed by a self-coup in which elected leaders make their rule permanent. These nationalist movements supported non-alignment, keeping most Middle Eastern dictatorships out of the American and Soviet spheres of influence. [89] Military coups were also a common occurrence after decolonisation, with 14 African countries experiencing at least three successful military coups between 1959 and 2001. [15] If the dictator has not seized power through a political party, then a party may be formed as a mechanism to reward supporters and to concentrate power in the hands of political allies instead of militant allies. But in a modern-day dictatorship government, one person (or a small group of individuals) has complete control over the government regardless of whether there is a state of emergency or not. Learn the definition of a dictatorship and its main characteristics. Hours after Venezuelan opposition leader Juan Guaid landed in Miami after being thrown out of Colombia, I talked with him extensively about Colombian President Gustavo Petro's initiative to . Show question . Many personalist regimes will install open ballots to protect their regimes and implement heavy security measures and censorship for those whose personal preferences do not align with the values of the leader. An authoritarian military dictatorship ruled Chile for seventeen years, between 11 September 1973 and 11 March 1990. This page was last edited on 27 April 2023, at 19:44. Dictators use psychological manipulation, imprisonment, torture and murder to intimidate the citizens into complete obedience. A totalitarian government has "total control of mass communications and social and economic organizations". In its 19th-century form, caudillismo was the result of the breakdown of central authority. Dictators employ techniques of mass propaganda in order to sustain public support. One moose, two moose. Dictators tend to resort to force or fraud to gain political power. Summary. [1] A dictatorship that is ruled by soldiers is called a military dictatorship or junta. To be considered a dictatorship means that a country is known to be run by one person without any checks and balances on his power. In the Roman Republic, the title "dictator" was temporarily given to an individual to deal with state crises and emergencies. What is the Definition of Dictatorship? - Democracy Chronicles [49] In an absolute monarchy, power is limited to the royal family, and legitimacy is established by historical factors. [31], Personalist dictatorships are regimes in which all of the power lies in the hands of a single individual. Single-party dictatorships are one-party states in which only the party in power is legalized and all opposition parties are banned. Military dictatorships are notorious for human rights abuses and the denial of political and social freedoms. [73], The first communist state was created by Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks with the establishment of Soviet Russia during the Russian Revolution in 1917. What Is a Dictatorship? - Reference.com These movements were a response to what they perceived as decadence and societal decay due to the changing social norms and race relations brought about by liberalism. Parties formed after the seizure of power often have little influence and only exist to serve the dictator. Amy has a master's of library and information science and a master's of arts in history. Similarly, although the 1958 constitution of the Fifth Republic of France contained far-reaching emergency powers conferred on the presidentwhen the institutions of the Republic, the independence of the nation, the integrity of its territory or the fulfillment of its international obligations are threatened with immediate and grave danger, and when the regular functioning of the constitutional authority is interruptedtheir implicit threat to the constitutional order has not been realized. [43] This idea references the heavy reliance on repression of the public in order to stay in power, which creates incentives for all constituents to falsify their preferences, which does not allow for the dictator to know the genuine popular beliefs or his realistic measure of societal support. Vladimir Putin's Russia is headed for a military dictatorship - and The figure who embodies this dictatorship is obviously the dictator and this always represents the maximum hierarchy and authority for all things related to the development of a society. [129] Revolution takes place when the opposition group grows large enough that elites in the regime cannot suppress it or choose not to. [132] In the 21st century, dictatorships have moved toward greater integration with the global community and increasingly attempt to present themselves as democratic. [71] The aftermath of World War I resulted in a major shift in European politics, establishing new governments, facilitating internal change in older governments, and redrawing the boundaries between countries, allowing opportunities for these movements to seize power. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. While a dictatorship is a form of government in some nations, just as monarchy or representative democracy is the form of government in others, dictatorships are seen by non-dictatorships as dangerous and cruel because of the way they tend to treat their citizens. A dictatorship leader is a political leader who possesses absolute power. A dictatorship is a government in which a single person or small group holds all the power, and has absolute authority over politics and the population. Between the 1990s and the 2000s, most dictators moved away from being "larger-than-life figures" that controlled the populace through terror and isolated themselves from the global community. [67] In Europe it was often thought of in terms of Bonapartism and Caesarism, with the former describing the military rule of Napoleon and the latter describing the imperial rule of Napoleon III in the vein of Julius Caesar. Current dictatorships include Russia, Equatorial New Guinea, and North Korea. There are three main characteristics of a dictatorship. [117] Generally, two research approaches exist: the minimalist approach, which focuses on whether a country has continued elections that are competitive, and the substantive approach, which expands the concept of democracy to include human rights, freedom of the press, and the rule of law. [23] Military coups do not necessarily result in military dictatorships, as power may then be passed to an individual or the military may allow democratic elections to take place. On average, they last twice as long as military dictatorships, but not as long as one-party dictatorships. Dictatorship: Its Types and Reasons | by Old Times - Medium During times of domestic or foreign crisis, even most constitutional governments have conferred emergency powers on the chief executive, and in some notable cases this provided the opportunity for duly elected leaders to overthrow democracy and rule dictatorially thereafter. The Kim family, specifically Supreme Leaders Kim Il-sung, Kim Jong-il, and Kim Jong-un, has ruled North Korea since 1948. With constitutional democracy, it is one of the two chief forms of government in use today. [79] Fascism developed in Europe as a rejection of liberalism, socialism, and modernism, and the first fascist political parties formed in the 1920s. 6 Startling Advantages of Dictatorship That You Never Thought Of [42] Within a personalist regime an issue called "The dictators dilemma" arises. Write an essay of approximately one to two pages that describes the characteristics of life under a dictatorship. In other democracies, however, constitutional arrangements have survived quite lengthy periods of crisis government. [122] The form of government does not correlate with the amount of economic growth, and dictatorships on average grow at the same rate as democracies, though dictatorships have been found to have larger fluctuations. Freedom House, the Polity data series, and the Democracy-Dictatorship Index are three of the most used data series by political scientists. Many are noted for their cruelty, while others are honored as national heroes. It often refers to a form of government that has the authority of absolute rule within one person or a structured polity. Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by the dictator and they are facilitated through an inner circle of elites that includes advisers, generals, and other high-ranking officials. [20][21] They are most common in developing nations in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Dictatorships frequently hold elections in order to establish their legitimacy or provide incentives to members of the ruling party, but these elections are not competitive for the opposition. Dictatorship News, Research and Analysis - The Conversation The constitutional systems inherited from the colonial powers proved unworkable in the absence of a strong middle class; local traditions of autocratic rule retained a powerful influence; the army, one of the few organized forces in society, was also often the only force capable of maintaining order; and a tiny intellectual class was impatient for economic progress, frustrated by the lack of opportunity, and deeply influenced by the example of authoritarianism in other countries. At various points in the 20th and 21st centuries, during periods of domestic or foreign crisis, most constitutional regimes conferred emergency powers on the executive, suspending constitutional guarantees of individual rights or liberties or declaring some form of martial law. [51] In the modern era, absolute monarchies are most common in the Middle East. Dictatorship - a form of government in which a ruler or small clique wield absolute power (not restricted by a constitution or laws). [73] During World War II, Italy and Germany occupied several countries in Europe, imposing fascist puppet states upon many of the countries that they invaded. Dictatorship - HISTORY CRUNCH - History Articles, Biographies In an essay of about two to three paragraphs, define dictatorship and explain how a dictator can rise to power. Dictators tend to resort to force or fraud to gain political power. BNP Secretary General Mirza Fakhrul Islam Alamgir has called on the people, especially the workers, to stand up against the government.
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