Pakistan's Human Development Index (HDI) value for 2018 is in the medium human development category with a score of 0.560 (152nd rank out of 189 countries and territories) compared to 0.614 (135th rank) for Bangladesh and 0.647 (129th rank) for India. Hamamy, H.A. Researchers Find 13,200 Cases Of U.K. Inbreeding And Think The True Number Is Even Higher. [86][d], Brahui () is a Dravidian language spoken in the central part of Balochistan province. 15. WebInbreeding is the production of offspring from the mating or breeding of individuals or organisms that are closely related genetically. In the Middle East, it has been invogue for thousands of years2 and approximately 6,5%. Studied hybrid rice varieties showed slightly higher photosynthetic rate in flag leaf at 23 days after flowering. Whereas, some investigators mentioned that the hybrid has the lower single-leaf photosynthetic rate throughout the whole growth period and greater LAI contributes to the heterosis in biomass production and grain yield [3, 29, 30]. At the same time in its phonology it is radically different[80] (particularly in the lack of tones, the preservation of the voiced aspirates and the development of implosive consonants), and has important grammatical features in common with the Sindhi language spoken to the south. Sarhaddi is a sub-dialect of Rakshani. ). Sennels states that research reveals inbred children lose 10-16 points from their IQ, and the chance of having an IQ of less than 70 (the official demarcation for being classified as retarded) increases by an astonishing 400% for the child of first cousin marriage. In Pakistan, there are several studies of cousin marriages in major metropolitan cities likewise Punjab and Rawalpindi, Lahore, Quetta and Karachi. 3, pp. If a subject had more than 10 percent homozygosity, extreme inbreeding was more than likely the cause. Q. H. Lin, Studies on grain-leaf ratio of population and cultural approaches of high yield in rice plants, in Quality of Crop Population, pp. In July 2022, the United Nations published its 2022 World Population Prospects, a biennially-updated database where key demographic indicators are estimated and projected worldwide down to the country level. If a person had more than 10 percent homozygosity, extreme inbreeding was more than likely the reason. (a) 20 December planting, (b) 05 January planting, (c) 20 January planting, and (d) 05 February planting. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Saunders Co., 1988, pp. Chakrabarti et al. Occasional papers, second series, No.4, London, Gallon Institute, 1992. About 70 percent of the genetic disorders in dogs are autosomal recessive, explains Carol Beuchat, Scientific Director of the Institute of Canine Biology. Then, the five readings were averaged for the plot. Tang, G.-L. Zhang, Y.-H. Xiao et al., Physiological and biochemical characteristics in flag leaves of the C Liangyou series of rice hybrid combinations at late growth stages, Rice Science, vol. The field experiments were conducted with two hybrids (BRRI hybrid dhan2 and Heera2) and one elite inbred (BRRI dhan45) rice varieties at the Experimental Farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka (2377N, 9037E and altitude of 9m), and Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur (2399N, 9039E and altitude of 8.4m), Bangladesh in dry (Boro) seasons (December to May) of 2008-2009 and 2009-2010, respectively. 261266, 2001 (Chinese). W. Yang, S. Peng, R. C. Laza, R. M. Visperas, and M. L. Dionisio-Sese, Grain yield and yield attributes of new plant type and hybrid rice, Crop Science, vol. A. Hindko () is a cover term for a diverse group of Lahnda dialects spoken in several discontinuous areas in northwestern Pakistan, primarily in the provinces of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab. J. Pediatr. 58, no. These are some maps of religious minority groups. In order to clarify it, two field experiments were conducted including two popular indica hybrids (BRRI hybrid dhan2 and Heera2) and one elite inbred (BRRI dhan45) rice varieties. Inbreeding and Endogamy in Kerala (India) - JSTOR [87], Other languages spoken by linguistic minorities include the languages listed below, with speakers ranging from a few hundred to tens of thousands. Postheading crop growth rate as an index of plant productivity in grain filling period was calculated as the increase of plant dry matter per unit time and measured by taking the total dry matter at heading and at maturity [35]. Postheading photosynthetic dry matter accumulation panicle1 in both the hybrids exhibited higher degree of thermosensitivity. Planting dates had little influence on flag leaf chlorophyll content. University of Pittsburgh Press, cited in Modell, B and Kulieve, A.M. Social and genetic implications of custornary consanguineous marriages among BritishPakistanis. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. Rakshani is the major dialect group in terms of numbers. [citation needed], Pakistan is a multilingual country with dozens of languages spoken as first languages. If a person had more than 10 percent homozygosity, extreme inbreeding was more than likely the reason. Statista. There was no significant difference among the tested hybrid and inbred varieties with respect to flag leaf photosynthetic rates at different days after flowering except at 23 days after flowering. Flag leaves from the main tiller of five representative plants of each plot were used to measure photosynthetic rate with a portable photosynthesis analyzer (Model: LI-6400, Li-COR Inc. USA) at 2, 9, 16, and 23 days after flowering under clear sunshine from 11.00 am to 12.30 pm when photosynthetically active radiation at the top of the canopy ranged from 1300 to 1400molm2s1. However, the hybrids and inbred varieties exhibited statistically identical yield in late planting. 17, no. A staff writer for All Thats Interesting, Marco Margaritoff has also published work at outlets including People, VICE, and Complex, covering everything from film to finance to technology. That has to end, for the good of humanity. Inbreeding significantly (P<0.01) affected birth and 60 days weight. [49] There are also smaller groups of Muslim immigrants from countries such as Burma, Bangladesh, Iraq, Somalia, Iran, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan, among others. 6, pp. March 30, 2023. [52][53] Numerous regional languages are spoken as first languages by Pakistan's various ethnolinguistic groups. J. Pak. Even in England, more than half of Pakistani immigrants are married to S. S. Virmami, Shifting the yield frontier with hybrid rice, in Increasing Rice Production in BangladeshChallenges and Strategies, S. I. Bhuiyna and A. N. M. R. Karim, Eds., pp. clearly shows that 70% (185 out of 265) second cousin marriages resulted in malformations from fathers side, 51% (615 out of 1205) first cousin marriages caused malformations from mothers side, whereas, 100% (60 out of 60) of children had malformations if the parents were first cousins both from paternal and maternal sides. Rice production has to be increased 1% per annum to deliver sufficient rice for an evergrowing population of rice-consuming countries [1]. Relationship between current photosynthate accumulation (CPA) panicle, Copyright 2015 Md Moinul Haque et al. It reveals that translocation of dry matter from shoot to grain was relatively inefficient for hybrids in delayed planting. Does sink regulation, rather than sink size, play a major role? Field Crops Research, vol. Consanguineous marriage in Pakistan was reported to be higher than 60% of the population in 2014. This fact alone was a good enough indication that the parents of malformed children were more closely related. Med. Bundey, S., Alam, H., Kaur, A. eta!. Speak Out: Inbred Muslims - Southeast Missourian B. Chakrabarti, P. K. Aggarwal, S. D. Singh, S. Nagarajan, and H. Pathak, Impact of high temperature on pollen germination and spikelet sterility in rice: comparison between basmati and non-basmati varieties, Crop and Pasture Science, vol. Fluctuation in flag leaf chlorophyll content was small among the different planting dates. [28] reported that the more dry matter in the vegetative organ at heading contributes little to the grain due to poor transportation and remobilization of stored assimilates and these account for poor grain filling rather than source limitation in super- and intersubspecific hybrids. Reddy, yR. and Rao, A.P. People from Pakistan are 13 times more likely to have a birth defect. Individual grain weight remained unchanged in hybrids at delayed planting indicating that physiological activity of the sink was not affected significantly due to rising temperature. In the case of early planting, higher biomass accumulation and rapid expansion of leaf area of the tested hybrids produced higher LAI just after heading and developed an efficient sink (large panicles). From 1990 to 2018, Pakistan's HDI increased 38.6% from 0.404 to 0.560. 3. But in the Islamic World, the practice is still very much alive as their Prophet Mohammad allowed this, with the consequences increasingly felt by countries in Europe, and are starting to have effect in the USA, Canada and Australia. S. Q. Cao, Y. Q. Zhao, J. L. Wen, S. A. Wang, and R. X. Zhang, Studies on photosynthesis in flag leaves and its relation to grain filling course of high yield wheat, Scientia Agricultura Sinica, vol. J. Ying, S. Peng, Q. Numerous smaller cities (such as Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Peshawar, and the capital Islamabad) dot the rest of the country. Dry matter of each component was determined after drying at 72C for 3 days to have constant weight. The genetic significance of consanguinity was reported as early as 1902 by Garrad who, alongwith Gallon are considered to be founders of medical genetics11. CONSANGUINITY AND INBREEDING COEFFICIENT IN TRIBAL PASHTUNS INHABITING Pakistan faces a high risk of genetic disorders caused by WebThe overall frequency of inbreeding was 76% with a coefficient of 0.04151 which is probably the highest figure reported in literature. London, Pelican books, 1966. Causes of deafness in schools for the deaf in Madaras. Their findings were published in the journal Nature Communications and address a number of specific physiological, cognitive, and immunological health impacts. WebFor context, some statistics: In Pakistan, close to 70% of the population is inbred In England, half of Pakistani immigrants are married to first cousins In Denmark, around 40% are inbred.