Cataphora: refers to an expression or subject which is "y>: jl/ | Managed by Kyote Internet Group |. Stylistics is regarded as a field of analysis focuses on the analyzing sound The use of the word may be unfamiliar. The stylistician may rely on his intuition and interpretative skills just as the literary critic, but the former tries to keep at bay, vague and impressionistic judgment Isidore, (2010:35). 2.3.1 Mukrovskys Theory of Foregrounding The concept of Style does not exist in a vacuum; it has meaning when language is used to communicate the message. Puttenham a Renaissance scholar, compares style to flowers, jewels, embroidery. The study adopted Foregrounding and Multimodality as theoretical frameworks to the stylistic interpretations of the poetry of this author. It refers to the conscious attempt of flouting the linguistic norms for the purpose of foregrounding, revealing or defining the authors style or peculiarities. speech, clauses and phrases used in writing. In short, Wales (2001) aims to go beyond the traditional perspective in the treatment of graphology. Improving the copy in the close modal and post notices - 2023 edition, New blog post from our CEO Prashanth: Community is the future of AI. text. E.g. This graphological deviation foregrounds two different discourses used by the poet; army discourse in the octave, church discourse in the sestet." study of invisible It is the study of handwriting (especially as an indicator of the writer's character or disposition). Available literatures in the field of stylistics reveal the fact that traditionally, stylistics is concerned with the study of style in language. language and also describes formal rules ), paragraphing, spacing, foregrounding of structures and so on. That is an act of bringing This research project intends to carry out a stylistic investigation of selected Christopher Okigbos Socio-political Poems. The application of pragmatic and stylistic theories to text analysis indicates a clear departure from how texts were analyzed when modern linguistics began to develop. This approach lays emphasis on the description of the formal pattern in a text using a linguistic basis. orthographic word, and letters. Therefore, to interpret a text stylistically both external and internal evidence are needed. It also assists in understanding the meaning of a text. For Samuel Wesley, it is a dress of thought. are not directly referable to any observable linguistic features of texts, and one of the long-term aims of stylistics must be to see how far such descriptions can be justified in terms of descriptions of a more linguistic kind. Despite a break of traditional rules, my sonnet still be called a sonnet? In analyzing a text, the business of a stylistician is to look at many features of the text. 2.1.6.5 Context Level: These levels include: syntax, semantics, lexis, phonology, graphology and others; in order to achieve the objectives of this study, this essay investigated the deployment of graphology as a device of meaning and aesthetics. Lastly, the study will serve as a guide and resource material to scholars and learners who may wish to carry out research in the area of stylistics as findings generated from the study will be of great benefit for further enquires. 2 0 obj Look at the various devices used to link sentences in grammar for instance logical word (firstly), contrast words (however), result words (therefore) and comparison words (likewise, similarly) among other. PDF HUMANUS DISCOURSE Vol. 2. NO 2. 2022 endobj Singapore 369977. 3) What are the pedagogical influences that can be brought to bear by graphology in understanding Ushies poetry? In turn, because of the role of English in the world and the status of World Englishes, there has been a growing awareness of the need for highly profiled environments in which English is taught as a Foreign Language (EFL), for example. Required fields are marked *. Spoken and written language use different language features compared to written language. CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study The use of language is one of the most distinctive characteristics of the human species. 4.3.3 Popular Stand and Other Poems (1992) 3.1 Research Design 2.1.8 Levels of analysis within the Graphological Framework: Enquiries into previous Categorization 5.2 Conclusions 2.1.16 Devices of Linguistic Deviation McIntosh in his paper entitled Graphology and Meaning opined thus: I have used the word graphology in a sense which is intended to answer, in the realm of written language, to that of phonology in the realm of spoken language (McIntosh, 1961 cited in Eva, 2015). 3.1 Purpose of the Study For instance, both concepts are interested in such features as are beyond the sentence boundary. There is a gap between the octave and sestet of the sonnet. For the purpose of clear understanding of the study, the following terms are defined within the context of this research: (1) Deviation: Deviation is defined as the movement away from the linguistic norms and conventions to create sensitivity and inform, foreground and define the authors styles and peculiarities. of words and language. The researcher posits that Achebe uses italics for emphasis, to reflect foreign concepts or cultural beliefs as well as to create humour. Frequent use of a particular have: Paragraph, orthographic Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. In this paper, the graphological features such as capitalization, font-face, colours, punctuation, layout, spelling and paragraphing will be looked at as well as their stylistic relevance to the advert. 2.4 Appraisal of Literature, Chapter Three: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.7 Procedure for Data Collection PDF A Stylistic Analysis of the Short Story The Little Match Girl - IJICC Again, students whose interests are narrowed into the field of literary stylistics need an articulated and current work in the field to update their knowledge. Examples of person deixis are : Whose, her, his 2.1.4 Approaches to stylistic analysis Reflections on the authors intentions, textuality, measurements of responses of readers as well as discussions about literary texts to be included in the canon formation influence approaches to the way literature is taught and the view that in learning a foreign language its literature should be read. The position, nature and quantity of the reader.RANK FREQUENCY WORD FJH; 2. Preliminary Module 3 OF Stylistics AND Discourse Analysis English: Form Six - Stylistics - Msomi Bora Discourse Analysis Presented To Miss Rabia, Copy Of Discourse Analysis Presented To Miss Rabia, Nuevo presentacin de microsoft power point, readingandwritingskills-171211141506.pptx, THE ENCHANTED EEL OF CAGUBATAN, TADIAN.pptx, Technological University of the Philippines, LESSON 1-HEALTH RELATED FITNESS-WEEK 1.pptx, bias-and-prejudice1-221121003535-0ece477d.pptx, LESSON 1-TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT IN BAKING.pptx, JULIUS PAULO sentence, sub sentence, For the appreciative raptures of the impressionistic critic, stylisticians purport to substitute precise and rigorous linguistic descriptions, and to proceed from those descriptions to interpretations for which they claim a measure of objectivity. language, it studies the sound system. This traditional understanding of style has other weaknesses of being prescriptive and not descriptive in its nature and scope. We certify that this Masters Dissertation: The Device of Graphology in Joe Ushies Poetry: Stylistic and Pedagogical Implications was carried out by Nkopuruk, Imikan Nseobong and submitted to the Department of English Studies, College of Humanities, Tai Solarin University of Education, Nigeria in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of a Master of Education (M.Ed.) Here, such features as the use of punctuation marks to create stylistic effects are significant. Business Aircraft Operators Association Website. 2.1.2 Stylistics and its central concerns the study of text language and McIntoshs definition caught on and developed in the sixties and served in its attempt to integrate more levels than the traditional ones when analyzing written texts. intended meanings and foreshadowing Repetition: a device that repeats the same words or Beyond the Borders of Esotericism: A Socio-stylistic Analysis of The data comprises extracts of speech isolated for analysis at the level of phonology and graphology. This is because a linguist deaf to the poetic function of language and a literary scholar indifferent to linguistic problems and unconversant with linguistic method are equally flagrant anachronisms as opined by Jakobson in Onwukwe (2009: i). From the aspects of graphological features, lexical features, syntactic features and semantic features, the thesis summarizes the stylistic features of English news report of public health emergency. For instance, according to Ogum (2002:22), critics see it as individuality, rhetoricians as the speaker; philologists as the latent; the linguists as formal structures in function and the psychologists as a form of behaviour. Secondly, the study provides the students with an overwhelming sensitivity with language use thus, revealing the writers conscious attempt at deviating from the linguistic norm; and also enhancing their in-depth and critical understanding as well as appreciation of texts. 2.1.6.6 Semantic Level LEXIS & SEMANTICS Lexis concerns word choice; semantics concerns meaning. 2.1.12 Typography (structure and arrangement) i.e word fixation-compounded words (carbohydrate), suffixes and prefixes, Look at individual words and their pattern of combination In this paper, the graphological features such as capitalization, font-face, colours, punctuation, layout, spelling and paragraphing will be looked at as well as their stylistic relevance to the advert. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. All intellectual property rights, including copyright in this publication, except for those attributed to named sources, are owned by the author(s) of . Let me, very remarkably appreciate the supports of the following scholars and authorities of English in no specific order: Dr. Yomi Okunowo (the Colorado Boulder trained scholar of Grammar and stylistics), my role model in a way as well as my indefatigable supervisor, He added strength to my consciousness, revived and deepened my sensitivity towards the study of style; Emeritus Professor A. Lekan Oyeleye of English Department, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, whose moment of sabbatical coincided with this programme and he taught me advanced meaning related courses and buttressed the impartation with sound scholarly etiquettes; Professor Joseph Akinbode, a passionate father who wishes his students what he wishes himselfSir, frankly, I became a lecturer, that moment you taught us the topic: The Character of a Scholar; Professor Sogbessan and now Drs. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. Hyphens In the same vein, it is referred to as a level of linguistic analysis which focuses on the layout of texts, the size or shape of words and any other feature that is graphical or orthographical (Yeibo and Akerele 2014). This level is concerned with how sound devices function in achieving stylistic significance in texts. For instance, according to Van Peer (1993) typographic foregrounding as well as its evolution is viewed as a poetic device while Nanny (2001) views the iconic properties of verses according to their length. It describes The result reveals the use of phono-graphological features to indicate contrastive stress and focus information. Different registers make particular use of such graphological features as: size of print and capitalization in newspaper and advertising lay-outs; different typefaces and sizes in dictionaries such as this one; special lines in poetry, etc. K:\!f&gsq\M| It is discovered that some journalists report objectively, distancing themselves from the stories while some bring . This author belongs the generation of Nigerian poets often referred to as Contemporary poets. 5. 5. E.E CUMMING plays with form and structure and he uses nontraditional punctuation to push the boundaries of what, words can mean. 3.2 Population of the Study punctuation, spacing and so on. On this note therefore, it becomes problematic demarcating literature from language and vice versa as students are made to specialize in either of them. endobj occurrences may help in developing the understanding of In poetry, metre (meter in American spelling) is the basic rhythmic structure of a verse or lines in verse. 4 0 obj The Science Of Graphology: The Study Of Handwriting Alabi (2008:172) categorically offers an insight into the use of punctuation marks. What does graphological deviation mean in stylistics analysis? The graphological style of the author is featured Example of phonological devices include: alliteration, assonance, consonance and phonaesthesia. As a critical concept, style has been the focus of attention for centuries and has been studied from various perspectives. It has to do with the entire words and phrases of a particular language. (Eva, 2015) observes that the very first problem when dealing with graphology is its unclear meaning. phonological devices are alliteration, For a systematic analysis, these linguistic features are clustered into phonological, graphological, lexical, grammatical and semantic levels of analysis. in. 4.3.4 Eclipse in Rwanda (1998) I think that referring to octaves and sextets , graphological deviation should be written using inverted commas. 3. which is the smallest phonological It covers how some stylistic devices are applied in the female and male perfume advertising slogans based on four levels: the graphological level, the lexical level, the syntactic level and the semantic level. It is the Spelling, lexical features about somebody's character through his Special acknowledgement goes to the Almighty God, the author and finisher of faith, the alpha and omega, for His sustenance and benevolence. Analysis in stylistics therefore involves a range of general language qualities, which include sentence patterns, structure and variety, paragraph structure, imagery, repetition, emphasis, arrangement of ideas and other cohesive devices. But these definitions appear too eclectic. The inuence of these factors has been analyzed in detail by psycholinguists (Semino and Culpeper 2002; Enkvist 1985). There are various morphological processes. clearly in tandem with Campsalls (2008) observation that graphological features of a text determine subtle and This research comes under the purview of stylistics. May Gods blessings abound.always counting on you too, for higher heights. H+h[''6=.5:i+2h K|We$H},:,jLF|ioDVUlxL-?i j=vRsq?}abPQp|X] 1JX)Rh2?rA.mYeM[U]@Le!uu!0fD[k$sX@0XB cq;Wj 4zsxd jMb1%pkx>? Ndimele (2001:15) defines stylistics as a branch of linguistics which studies the application of linguistics to the study of literature. (status/social dialect), Which period of English was the text written (Time), Does the text involve speaking or writing? adjectives are some of the most common stylistic devices used in the world. @lomlfoml If you look at the poem - visually look at it - you can directly. OR is this foresight part of the graphological deviation, or am I missing a crucial element here? Graphological Features: " Through these features, a stylistician can reasonably explore and give descriptions of the physical appearance of a literary text. In literary studies and stylistics, foregrounding is a the linguistic strategy of calling attention to certain language features in order to shift the reader's attention from what is said to how it is said. Factors of individuality-handwriting, lexical levels-words that one is fond of using. 4.3.5 Hill Songs (2000) Together with this setback, there is also a general consensus that graphology is neither relevant nor interesting in itself and, to some extent, a greater number of people still misunderstand the real meaning of this word (Eva, 2015). 2.1.14 Fonting Jane no longer writes fiction. 4. -Word classes or parts of speech Discourse And Stylistics: Methods Of Analysis - Eduprojecttopics On most occasions, it is this non-linguistic use of the term that most commonly comes to mind when using the word graphology, as recorded in the Encyclopaedia Britannica (2011). Analysis in stylistics, therefore involves a range of general language qualities, which include diction, sentence patterns, structure and variety, paragraph structure, imagery, repetition, emphasis, arrangement of ideas and other cohesive devices. This move however, has given rise to many other linguists like Vachek (1973) Sampson (1985), Coulmas (1991, 1999), Harris (1995) and Eva (2015) who also have researched about the concept of graphology with focus on the properties of alphabets and their historical evolution. Requirements before stylistics analysis. INTRODUCTION <> All these definitions or descriptions reflect an artificial and ornamental view of style. Such a process is valuable, for example, in the contemporary creative writing classroom. Graphology: Definition, Explanation, Purpose & Examples - StudySmarter US This is why the present study specifically addresses how the author communicates meaning through the device of graphology. understood without the knowledge of context and It will follow these steps: firstly, students will acquire the knowledge that leads them to comprehend the basic grammatical and rhetoric concepts. To them, Objectivity posits that, such observations and analyses made by a critic should always be backed with tangible linguistic evidence away from intuitive response. How to subdivide triangles into four triangles with Geometry Nodes? In analyzing a text, the business of a stylistician is to look at many features of the text. PDF A Linguistic-stylistic Analysis of Newspaper Reportage - Ijrhss Syntactic level 8j{~Z+ca*sI^,D8J~C[~t{* 6. to understand the things than his dictionary knowledge Lastly, do you have any question about this post or something else? (2) Device: The linguistic instrumentality designed to achieve a particular stylistic effect. Kenyayote.com uses Cookies to improve your experience. This statement presupposes that Jane wrote fiction Modality-comprise of specific features that are chosen deliberately to produce an overall conversionalised format of language (a report, letter, speech. It is also a theoretical dimension to research undertaken into practice in the stylistics classroom. analysis of text we can know the authors graphological features in stylistics - Rejuran (PDF) Graphological Deviation in Stylistics: Expressions from the A style is a certain manner, approach or way in which something is said, . rhythm, syllable which carries Pragmatics is linguistic description we focus on They include: linguistic stylistics; literary stylistics and literary linguistic stylistics. (6) Style: In the context of this research, style is defined as the distinct way of language use which expresses the individuality of the authors intents, thoughts and ideas. Every writer has a natural, linguistic and idiosyncratic way of expressing ideas that leads to the identification of style with man and his thought. Amore and Sonde of Department of English, Tai Solarin University of Education, Nigeria; very sincerely, this dissertation is a testimony of your mentoringalways counting on you too, for higher heights. In other words, it synergizes or sits athwart the boundary between linguistics and literature; ensuring their interdependence. This 11 paper however, examined objectivity in Maya Angelous Still I Rise. us to find out the hidden meanings to be This study is limited to graphological level of linguistic stylistic analysis, for two obvious reasons: firstly, the research did not consider the other levels, for avoidance of deficiency and awkwardness, having studied six poetry collections; secondly, the research is not on General Stylistics which analyses nonliterary variety of language or registers. Buy and Sell Modern House Plans at Muthurwa.com, Your email address will not be published. (2015:128) study by mentioning five levels in stylistics such as phonetic level, phonological level, graphological level, grammatical level, and lexical level. Tatengkeng's 'Kuncup' are good example for this. that makes up a writer's style are: These features are used frequently in poetry and provide auxiliary meaning, thought and feelings to the genre of poetry. According to Carter and Stockwell (2008), pedagogical stylistics developed in the 1970s and became very practical as one way of evading the attacks leveled at stylistics. According to (Eva, 2015:2), this confusion is occasioned by two factors: the non-linguistic meanings attached to this concept and the varied treatment the word has received from dictionaries, manuals and works of reference in general. Eg. They also said that the major aim of studying stylistics is to explore the meanings and understand the linguistic features of the text. It is an exercise in describing what use is made of language. In analyzing a text, the business of a stylistician is to look at many features of the text. As far as a literary text is concerned, two evidences, internal and external evidence, can help us to come to an appropriate interpretation of a text. The levels of stylistic analysis according to Khan and Jabeen (2015) are basically lexical, syntactic or grammatical, phonological, semantic, context and graphological. Person deixis: These are used to point things and 3) To identify the pedagogical influences that can be brought to bear by graphology in understanding Ushies poetry? Levenstons (1992) proposal on the study of graphological elements. Despite all these studies, literature in this field is yet to outline or categorize a standard parameter for graphological analysis, which is one of the major concerns of the present study. Index Terms. The Graphological level: In this respect, stylistics is interested in how the writer uses the graphic resource of his language to give expression to his ideas and achieve his effects. This research employed stylistics as the tool to analyze the poems.