Embedded within the cartilage matrix are chondrocytes, or cartilage cells, and the space they occupy are called lacunae (singular = lacuna). Cancellous bone is spongy and less solid than compact bone. These cells can differentiate into any type of connective tissue cells needed for repair and healing of damaged tissue. As a consequence, it displays greater resistance to stretching. The three broad categories of connective tissue are classified according to the characteristics of their ground substance and the types of fibers found within the matrix (Table \(\PageIndex{1}\)). Function: Wraps and cushions organs, macrophages phagocytize bacteria, holds and conveys tissue fluid. Cells circulate in a liquid extracellular matrix. Q. In bone, the matrix is rigid and described as calcified because of the deposited calcium salts. Both tissues have a variety of cell types and protein fibers suspended in a viscous ground substance. Elastic cartilage can stretch and recoil to its original shape because of its high content of elastic fibers. The chemical nature and physical layout of the extracellular matrix and proteins vary enormously among tissues, reflecting the variety of functions that connective tissue fulfills in the body. A plate of hyaline cartilage at the ends of bone allows continued growth until adulthood. Function: Wraps and cushions organs; its macrophages phagocytize bacteria; plays important role in inflammation; holds and conveys tissue fluid . and you must attribute OpenStax. San Antonio College, Whitney Menefee, Julie Jenks, Chiara Mazzasette, & Kim-Leiloni Nguyen, ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative, Connective Tissue Fibers and Ground Substance, https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology, Identify and distinguish between the types of connective tissue: proper, supportive, and fluid, Explain the functions of connective tissues. As with dense regular connective tissue, when elastic fibers running in random directions outnumber collagen fibers, the tissue is a dense irregular elastic connective tissue. are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written Bones rigid extracellular matrix contains mostly collagen fibers embedded in a mineralized ground substance containing hydroxyapatite, a form of calcium phosphate. The soot particle has a charge of 4.51011C4.5 \times 10^{-11} \mathrm{C}4.51011C. Connective Tissue Proper Loose Loose Connective Tissues Terms in this set (92) Tissues groups of cells that are similar in structure and perform a common or related function Histology the study of tissues Four Types of Tissues epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, nervous tissue Epithelial Tissue Two major forms of supportive connective tissue, cartilage and bone, allow the body to maintain its posture and protect internal organs. Compact bone is solid and has greater structural strength. 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The most abundant cell in connective tissue proper is the fibroblast. Protection is another major function of connective tissue, in the form of fibrous capsules and bones that protect delicate organs and, of course, the skeletal system. The matrix is the most abundant feature for loose tissue although adipose tissue does not have much extracellular matrix. Elastic fiber contains the protein elastin along with lesser amounts of other proteins and glycoproteins. The most abundant cell in connective tissue proper is the fibroblast. This is due to what is behind each of the properties. The superficial fascia is found just deep to the cutaneous membrane (or skin) and is typically composed of a combination of areolar and adipose connective tissues. Most widely distributed connective tissue / Soft, pliable tissue / Contains all fiber types / Can soak up excess fluid Adipose Tissue Matrix is an areolar tissue in which fat globules predominate / Many cells contain large lipid deposits / Functions: insulates the body, protects some organs, serves as a site of fuel storage These fibers hold connective tissues together, even during the movement of the body. In this way, specialized lymphatic capillaries transport absorbed fats away from the intestine and deliver these molecules to the blood. Some cells have the ability to cross the endothelial layer that lines vessels and enter adjacent tissues. White fat contributes mostly to lipid storage and can serve as insulation from cold temperatures and mechanical injuries. In case of severe pain, X-rays can be examined to rule out the possibility of a bone injury. . Fibrocartilage is tough because of extra collagen fibers and forms, among other things, the intervertebral discs. Most often, the condition results from repetitive motions over time that strain the tendons needed to perform the tasks. White adipose tissue is most abundant. It fills the spaces between muscle fibers, surrounds blood and lymph vessels, and supports organs in the abdominal cavity. Structurally, all connective tissues contain cells that are embedded in an extracellular matrix stabilized by proteins. Cartilaginous tissue is avascular, thus all nutrients need to diffuse through the matrix to reach the chondrocytes. A. cells, ground substance, and carbohydrate fibers, B. cells, ground substance, and protein fibers, C. collagen, ground substance, and protein fibers. Fibrocytes, adipocytes, and mesenchymal cells are fixed cells, which means they remain within the connective tissue. connective tissue that conveys tissue fluids and strengthens organs is_____ areolar. Platelets are cell fragments involved in blood clotting. Ligaments and tendons are made of dense regular connective tissue, but in ligaments not all fibers are parallel. areolar matrix includes ground substance and the following fibers: adipose matrix includes ground substance and the following fibers: dense connective tissue matrix includes ground substance and the following fibers: connective tissue that transports materials in a plasma matrix is: connective tissue that stores minerals and anchors muscles is, connective tissue that covers and protects the ends of long bones is, compact bone matrix includes nonfibrous ____________. Q. Cells circulate in a liquid extracellular matrix. It makes up a template of the embryonic skeleton before bone formation. What is the current? (Micrographs provided by the Regents of University of Michigan Medical School 2012), Blood is a fluid connective tissue containing erythrocytes and various types of leukocytes that circulate in a liquid extracellular matrix. Connective tissue proper includes the fixed cells fibrocytes, adipocytes, and mesenchymal cells. As a consequence, it displays greater resistance to stretching. reticular. then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, -Located under epithelia and is widely distributed. Macrophages, mast cells, lymphocytes, and plasma cells are found in connective tissue proper but are actually part of the immune system protecting the body. The matrix is the most abundant feature for loose tissue although adipose tissue does not have much extracellular matrix. This tissue gives rigid support as well as elasticity. Erythrocytes, red blood cells, transport oxygen and some carbon dioxide. Many different cells contribute to the formation of connective tissues. with stands great tensile strength in one direction ( tendons, ligaments) dense . As we explained in Chapter 1, tissues are organized into organs such as the kidneys and heart. Blood and lymph are fluid connective tissues. When stimulated, macrophages release cytokines, small proteins that act as chemical messengers. Lymphatic capillaries are extremely permeable, allowing larger molecules and excess fluid from interstitial spaces to enter the lymphatic vessels. There are two major categories of dense connective tissue: regular and irregular. Nutrients, salts, and waste are dissolved in the liquid matrix and transported through the body. Can you name the 10 tissue types shown in the histology slides? All connective tissues derive from the mesodermal layer of the embryo. Click at the bottom of the quiz for the answers. Heparin, also released as part of the inflammatory response, acts as an anticoagulant that prevents the formation of blood clots. This is probably ________. Function: tensile strength with the ability to . Connective tissue that conveys tissue fluid and strengthens organs. The many mitochondria in the cytoplasm of brown adipose tissue help explain its efficiency at metabolizing stored fat. A plate of hyaline cartilage at the ends of bone allows continued growth until adulthood. A radioactive 60Co^{60} \mathrm{Co}60Co nucleus emits a gamma ray of wavelength 0.931012m0.93 \times 10^{-12} \mathrm{m}0.931012m. By the end of this section, you will be able to: As may be obvious from its name, one of the major functions of connective tissue is to connect tissues and organs. She interrupts your protests that you cannot stop playing. Creative Commons Attribution License Located in the dermis of the skin and in fibrous capsules of organs and of joints. Cellularity, specialized contacts, polarity, supported by connective tissue, and regeneration. It contains all the cell types and fibers previously described and is distributed in a random, web-like fashion. Blood is a fluid connective tissue, a variety of specialized cells that circulate in a watery fluid containing salts, nutrients, and dissolved proteins in a liquid extracellular matrix.