And, as They were: more likely to not always wear a seat belt; more likely to ride with a driver who had been drinking alcohol; and. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Don't drive blind Watch on "Thank You" Copyright 2006-2015 Scientific Research Publishing Inc. All rights reserved. Chaudhary, N.K., Casanova-Powell, T.D., Cosgrove, L., Reagan, I., & Williams, A. Efforts to reduce the prevalence of distracted driving come in all sizes, from government-run public awareness campaigns to guides for safety professionals on how to reduce distracted driving (and other types of distraction in the workplace) to reduce injuries and protect workers. As the young drivers turn their attention to their phones or the car console, you can see in real time as the car quickly careens towards mailboxes, other cars and into fields. (2021). As cited by other researchers, their model considered the role of the social context of the coping response to a threat communication, introduced the notion that responses may be due to factors other than the communication itself, and emphasized, rather than minimized, the role of emotion ( Drinking coffee or another beverage. Moreover, recent research has shown that deaths resulting from distracted driving have risen more than 25% since 2005 ( assert that motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death and disability for young Americans (p. 181). points out, one can die by being a distracted driver themselves or as a victim of another individual driving in that manner. Anything that takes your attention away from driving can be a distraction. Yet, despite this response, the subjects also reported a higher level of intent to behave in the ways depicted in the ads; this reaction is known as the boomerang effect ( In line with past literature, a gender discrepancy did appear in responses to the PSA. ). The risks are great and lead to unfathomable results. Roughly equivalent percentages of the sample expressed they Liked and Disliked the PSA with the modal response being neutral. Lewis, Watson, Tay, & White, 2007 If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications relay services. Loud music. To explore this question, the data were analyzed for correlations between a question about a generalized audience (third-persons) and a question specific to the respondent (first-person). Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Washington, DC 20590855-368-4200. ; Cady was rushed to the hospital with critical injuries and died the next day. LaTour & Zahra, 1989 These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Bruner, 2009 To receive email updates about this topic, enter your email address: We take your privacy seriously. A focus of the previous literature on fear appeals in advertising is what, if any, differences exist with regard to gender as a variable. There are no cellphones and no one takes their eyes off the road. When asked to rate their agreement on the statement, It is less dangerous to read text messages while driving than to write them, a slight majority (34.3%) reported that they strongly disagree. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Whether its adjusting your mirrors, selecting music, eating, making a phone call, or reading a text or emaildo it before or after your trip, not during. Lennon, Rentfro & OLeary, 2010: p. 96 In other words, one could argue that this cohort has been desensitized. In 2022, the U.S. Department of Transportation released the, In 2021, Congress provided resources to add distracted driving awareness as part of drivers license exams as part of the. It Starts with You: Zero Tolerance for Distracted Driving, 2021 National Sheriffs' Association. Teen's PSA, "Distracted Driving - It's More Than Texting" Goes National. ). Texting and driving is the leading cause of car accidents in the US. Joel & Dianne Feldman Springfield, PennsylvaniaWATCH: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dPrZCCjrFLsOn July 17, 2009, 21-year-old Casey Feldman was struck and killed by a distracted driver as she crossed the street in Ocean City, New Jersey. analyzed college students responses to controversial AIDS prevention advertisements. What Kills More People Drunk Driving Or Texting And Driving? the American public) to behave in a way that is socially desirable ( A car going 60 mph will travel 88 feet per second. Tanner, Hunt, & Eppright, 1991 Hastings, Stead, & Webb, 2004 1 out of 4 car crashes in the US is caused by texting while driving. Texting while driving is 6 times more likely to get you in an crash than drunk driving. Can a PSA help reduce the number of distracted driving incidents argumentative essay? Beyond just debating its efficacy, past research has also considered what ethical issues can arise from the use of fear-based appeals in social marketing. (2010). Its a great visual example of how even a quick glance away from the road can lead to a potentially serious incident. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. A Public Service Announcement (PSA) can help reduce the number of distracted driving accidents by explaining the horrible effects of distracted driving and the best ways to prevent distracted driving. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Saving Lives, Protecting People, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, states graduated driver licensing system, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration and the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, CDC MMWR Transportation Risk Behaviors Among High School Students Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States, 2019, CDC MMWR Mobile Device Use While Driving United States and Seven European Countries, 2011, Governors Highway Safety Association Distracted Driving, Insurance Institute for Highway Safety Distracted Driving, World Health Organization Mobile Phone Use: A Growing Problem of Driver Distraction, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Distracted Driving at Work, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Campaign Materials, Traffic Safety Facts Research Note: Distracted Driving 2019 (DOT HS 813 111), Overview of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administrations Driver Distraction Program (DOT HS 811 299), Transportation Risk Behaviors Among High School Students Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States, 2019, Evaluation of the NHTSA Distracted Driving High-Visibility Enforcement Demonstration Projects in California and Delaware, Evaluation of NHTSA Distracted Driving Demonstration Projects in Connecticut and New York, Countermeasures that work: A highway safety countermeasures guide for State Highway Safety Offices, 10, Technical Advisory: Shoulder and Edge Line Rumble Strips (T 5040.39, Revision 1), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Motor Vehicle Prioritizing Interventions and Cost Calculator for States (MV PICCS), What Works: Strategies to Increase Car Seat and Booster Seat Use, What Works: Strategies to Increase Restraint Use, What Works: Strategies to Reduce or Prevent Alcohol-Impaired Driving, Increasing Alcohol Ignition Interlock Use, Roadway to Safer Tribal Communities Toolkit, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Essentially, the theory posits that individuals will experience four processes when they are exposed to a threatening message: they evaluate how severe the threat is to them, the likelihood that the threat will affect them, how to eliminate or manage the threat, and whether they are able to perform the actions necessary to cope with the threat ( This theory attempts to explain and predict how individuals will respond to a communication message utilizing appeals to fear. Seriously. Safe driving requires maximum attention because there are other users on the road. had a very large sample of 840 adolescents view two separate fear-based advertisements discouraging distracted driving behaviors. The Affective Response (General) Scale by Can a PSA help reduce the number of distracted driving incidents argumentative essay? Distracted driving is one of the fastest growing safety issues on the roads today. By making these modifications, the study results could be generalized to the larger population. Laurie Hevier St. Paul, MinnesotaWATCH: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_pHBWyUQxx4On April 15, 2009, 58-year-old Julie Davis set off for a hike with her best friend in Rudolph, Wisconsin. However, Distracted driving isnt just a stupid mistake. Course Number: Date: Can A PSA Help Reduce Distracted Driving Accidents? 78.4% of respondents disagreed with the statement The PSA is too graphic. This result could be explained by the fact that the particular PSA shown did not utilize extreme gore as some fear-arousing advertisements do; it could also reflect the notion mentioned in the previous literature that adolescents today are more accustomed to frightening appeals in the media. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". To learn if behavioral change actually occurs, study subjects could be involved in follow-up research with a qualitative research methodology. All students viewed the same PSA and were administered the same version of the questionnaire. Texting behind the wheel makes you 23 times more likely to crash, and reduces your reaction time by 35% A public service announcement wouldn't effectively reduce the amount of distracted drivers. define a fear appeal as a persuasive communication attempting to arouse fear, promoting precautionary motivation and self-protective action (p. 97). . believe that these types of advertisements are useful to society because they promote individuals to consider others and act in their best interest. However, males as a group appear less influenced by physical appeals intending to target them ( ; Most students in the sample somewhat agreed that, after watching the PSA, they were less likely to text while driving and more likely to speak up when they were passengers; this finding suggests a degree of effectiveness from the fear appeal. Distracted driving is defined as, "any non-driving activity a person engages in that has the potential to distract him or her from the primary task of driving and increase the risk of crashing" ( NHTSA, 2011 ). Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. RQ 3: Is there evidence of the third-person effect within the data results? Let us show you how to connect the dots between human error reduction and fewer incidents, better engagement and stronger support for safety. In an attempt to combat this dangerous practice, various organizations concerned about public safety, such as municipal police departments, the Department of Transportation and even wireless telephone companies, have created advertisements and public service announcements. This theory, created by This fact sheet provides an overview of distracted driving and promising strategies that are being used to address distracted driving. 205-206 You can visit the National Highway Traffic Safety Administrationexternal icon(NHTSA) website for more information on how data on motor vehicle crash deaths are collected and the limitations of distracted driving data. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. First, with regard to descriptive characteristics, it was found that the sample was 42.2% male and 57.8% female. These questionnaires were removed from the sample. NHTSA, 2011 The goal of social marketing is to encourage changes in behavior that benefit the individual, community, and society at large ( Another chi-square test was run for gender and intention to speak up when another driver is texting. I thank all of the families of distracted driving victims who have bravely chosen to share their stories of loss with the world, said U.S. Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood. The national distracted driving effort focuses on ways to change the behavior of drivers through legislation, enforcement, public awareness, and education. These results, as well as the results of similar studies on this topic, seem to suggest that there is room for positive appeals in campaigns to prevent socially undesirable activities. , advertising on the issue of road safety is particularly renowned for its use of physical threats in which drivers and passengers are often shown to be injured and killed as a result of unsafe and/or illegal behavior (p. 203). Public service announcements are a great way to communicate. In conclusion, the present study adds to previous research on this topic by exploring three research questions and contributing useful information pertaining to Texas State University students perceptions and intentions after having viewed a fear-arousing PSA. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial International License (CC BY-NC). ; Advertisements in this category tend to promote real-life practices or ideas rather than products or services. Judy Teater is a founding board member of FocusDriven, the first national nonprofit organization devoted specifically to raising awareness about the dangers of distracted driving. In their review of numerous studies that have utilized fear appeals, more likely to drive after drinking alcohol. Thats a lot of groundbut it can also be hard to visualize. However, debate over the effectiveness of these tactics as well as controversy about the extreme graphic content sometimes found in the ads still exists. Distracted Driving It was a seemingly normal day, and Jacy and her family were driving southbound. After the projects were complete, observed driver cell phone use fell from: 4.1% to 2.7% in the Sacramento Valley Region in California, Graduated driver licensing (GDL) is a system which helps new drivers gain experience under low-risk conditions by granting driving privileges in stages. Currently, the main source of distracted driving is cell phones. If you're in the driver's seat, try to avoid these altogether: Taking selfies. Since their son's death, Bob and Eilene Okerblom have become advocates against distracted driving, and Bob is currently biking cross-country to raise awareness. included within the survey asked respondents to rate their emotional response to the PSA. Question: Can A Public Service Announcement Psa Help Reduce The Number Of Distracted Driving Incidents. NHTSA, 2011 The present study focuses on a campaign encouraging safe driving, but advertisements exist on a number of other social issues such as environmental protection, drug abuse and safe sex practices. Argument OrganizerChoose one of the following questions to answer for the argument essay in this module.Does our state do enough to prevent distracted driving?orCan a Public Service Announcement (PSA) help reduce the number of distracted driving incidents?Part OneWrite the claim you will present in your argument essay.Write the counterclaim that you will refute in your argument essay. If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy Policy page. Distracted driving is a leading cause of car accidents in the country. 1.6 million crashes are caused by cell phone use while driving. Lennon, Rentfro and OLeary (2010) Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. The PSAs in Dr. Lennon's study showed cars that had been totaled by accidents due to texting and talking on the phone while driving. Can A Psa Help Reduce The Number Of Distracted Driving Incidents Claim? Still, some positive benefits have been found to exist from using fear-based or shocking content within advertisements. ). Distracted driving can increase the chance of a motor vehicle crash. ). There are three main types of distraction:2, Sources: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2010-2013external icon, 20142018external iconand 2019external icon. ). ). PSAs can provide first-hand accounts of distracted driving incidents and their effects on the people and also inform both adults and teenagers about the causes of distracted driving incidents, which would lead to a reduction of the number of driving incidents. 39% of high school students who drove in the past 30 days texted or emailed while driving on at least one of those days. In 2013, 3,154 people were killed in motor vehicle crashes which involved distracted drivers. ). Advances in Journalism and Communication,03,71-78. What makes PSAs effective? One possible reason for this inconsistency is described in She was texting at the time of the crash. Rogers, 1983 This means that over 78% of all distracted drivers are distracted because they have been texting while driving. Females agreed with the two intention measures more strongly than did males. Despite the popular use of fear appeals in social marketing, and especially in road safety advertising, inconsistent opinions remain regarding the effectiveness of this strategy ( ; LaTour & Zahra, 1989 Lewis, Watson, & Tay, 2007 (2019). Dahl, Frankenberger, & Manchanda, 2003 Public service announcements are a great way to communicate. Other types of distracted driving. Talking on the phone. Advertisements that use these appeals influenceon present viewers with the negative outcomes that they may experience as a result of engaging in the depicted unsafe and/or illegal behaviors ( As the NSC points out, drivers53% of thembelieve if manufacturers put infotainment dashboards and hands-free technology in vehicles, they must be safe. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. There are a few more forms of distracted driving that could cause an accident. Data from the questionnaires was entered into and analyzed using the statistical software program, SPSS. Some states have installed rumble strips on highways to alert drowsy, distracted, or otherwise inattentive drivers that they are about to go off the road. This semantic differential 5-point scale uses three items to measure a respondents emotional reaction to a stimulus, in this case a PSA. This phenomenon, generally referred to as distracted driving, is at the basis of numerous new traffic safety laws and campaigns aimed at preventing car accidents and loss of life on the road. Lewis, Watson, & Tay, 2007: pp. ; But in fact, these technologies distract our brains even long after youve used them.. Suddenly, the driver in front of them made an illegal left turn through a red light. review of fear-inducing advertisements. As they were walking beside the road, a 19-year-old driving at 70 miles per hour struck Julie from behind, killing her instantly. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The 30-second PSA, Get the Message, features clips from people who lost loved ones in distracted driving crashes and have spoken out through the U.S. Department of Transports Faces of Distracted Driving campaign. When asked the question, How often do you write/read text messages while driving? the majority of respondents (61.8%) answered that they did so sometimes and 10.8% answered frequently. Suddenly, the ad shocks the audience by showing each driver crash their vehicle as a result of their distraction. The dependent variable was college students reported intent to text while driving. In 2009, nearly 5,500 people died and half a million were injured in accidents involving a distracted driver. findings are limited in that his research was concerned with participants ability to change the behavior of others, as opposed to modifying their own behavior. Related research on physical threat appeals has found that, when compared to other messages, adolescents react more positively to public service announcements that depict negative social consequences ( Distracted driving is dangerous, claiming 3,142 lives in 2020. These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. claim that threatening advertisements have been widely used in the social marketing of road safety (p. 48). Part One 1. The number of distracted driving incidents can be reduced by public service announcements. ). Australias Traffic Accident Commission has developed a 45-second TV commercial to help drivers recognize just how far their car travels when they take their eyes off the road for a few moments. ). The national distracted driving effort focuses on ways to change the behavior of drivers through legislation, enforcement, public awareness, and education. RQ 2: Do responses to the PSA differ according to gender? Distracted driving is defined as, any non-driving activity a person engages in that has the potential to distract him or her from the primary task of driving and increase the risk of crashing ( "This latest operating system includes a Do Not Disturb While Driving mode (DND) that can block notification of incoming calls and texts when your iPhone senses driving motion or is connected. It shows the real-life impact of distracted driving on victimsand the effect is profound. Therefore, creators of PSAs should investigate young adults motivations behind engaging in distracted driving in order to better influence their behavior. Table 24 summarizes the self-reported information about the subjects' driving experiences. The good news is that distracted driving PSAs are effective in most cases, but especially with the 18 to 24 age group. High school student, Rachael Diaz wrote a 30 second public service announcement about teens and distracted driving for her video production class, winning first prize in the first Drive Safe Chicago PSA contest sponsored by the Chicago Auto Show and the National . What percentage of drivers are distracted? ). WASHINGTON U.S. Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood today released a new public service announcement (PSA) promoting the U.S. Department of Transportations Faces of Distracted Driving series, which has been viewed over 100,000 times since its launch in November 2010. Lewis, Watson, Tay and White (2007) The present study aims to examine the effectiveness of a public service announcement against distracted driving on a convenience sample of college students attending Texas State University. Bruner, 2009: p. 15 Lewis, Watson, & Tay, 2007: p. 49 PSAs use ethos, pathos, and logos, which makes them effective. ). The researcher will analyze the survey data quantitatively to answer three research questions as follows: RQ 1: What is the impact of viewing an anti-distracted driving public service announcement on students perceptions and intent? In addition to providing great turns of phrase like stupid death by smartphone, it also offers a common-sense solution (with no handholding required).
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