In addition, there were 46 hospitalizations, and seven life-threatening outcomesfive from the same household. Current as of October 03, 2022 | Updated by FindLaw Staff. 49 CFR 172.322 - Marine pollutants. | Electronic Code A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed. Diarrhoea. 0 Lindane Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Chemical dangers (1) Lindane has been listed as a pollutant of concern to EPA'sGreat Waters Programdue to its persistence in the environment, potential to bioaccumulate, and toxicity to humans and the environment. (2) Assessing Personal Exposure Lindane can be measured in the blood, urine, and semen of exposed individuals by gas chromatography.(1) The mark may be displayed in black lettering on a square-on-point configuration having the same outside dimensions as a placard. (a) For vessel transportation of each non-bulk packaging that contains a marine pollutant -, (1) For a proper shipping name used to describe a hazardous material that is a marine pollutant and assigned the letter G in column (1) of the 172.101 hazardous materials table or that contains the text n.o.s., the name of the component which makes the material a marine pollutant must be marked on the package in parentheses in association with the marked proper shipping name unless the proper shipping name identifies by name the component which makes the material a marine pollutant. 0000005726 00000 n In the U.S., lindane medications are exclusively manufactured and distributed by Morton Grove Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Purpose Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers (-, - and - (Lindane)) were recently included as new persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Stockholm Convention, and therefore, the legacy of HCH and Lindane production became a contemporary topic of global relevance. [16] The vast majority (85%) of these reports488 totalwere classified as nonserious, while serious events most often resulted from product misuse (80% of serious cases). 0000003215 00000 n WebLindane is considered a marine pollutant, and special requirements have been set for marking, labeling, and transporting this material. Effects of long-term or repeated exposure In the 1940s, lindane was registered with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and in 1951 it was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for medical use in the treatment of scabies, head lice and pubic lice (crabs). Toxicity of lindane induced by oxidative stress and intestinal CFR Title 49. Transportation 49 CFR 172.101, App. B Lindane, Hexachlorocyclohexane (Technical Grade), Camphor benzalkonium methosulfate. In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. Cyanobacteria are able to tolerate, and even metabolize, moderate doses of organochlorine pesticides, such as lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane), one of the most persistent and widely used in recent decades. (1) On single packagings or combination packagings where each single package or each inner packaging of combination packagings has: (i) A net quantity of 5 L (1.3 gallons) or less for liquids; or, (ii) A net mass of 5 kg (11 pounds) or less for solids. [10] (see also Pharmaceutical Uses) Other countries, like Canada, similarly approve of pharmaceutical applications for lindane but no longer permit its broader use agriculturally. First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention. A recent analysis concluded that a majority of pediatricians had not experienced problems treating lice or scabies since that ban took effect. Air quality and pollution has gotten worse in Colorado. Reacts with bases. [citation needed], The US EPA has determined that lindane does not contaminant drinking water in excess of the Agency's level of concern. This study investigates acute toxicity and histological effects of Lindane insecticide on intestinal tissues of immature grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Tremor. PIC (see also Regulatory Status). [29] Modern manufacturing standards for lindane involve the treatment and conversion of waste isomers to less toxic industrial chemicals, a process known as cracking.[26][29] Today, only a few production plants remain active worldwide to accommodate public health uses of lindane and declining agricultural needs. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. 0000006477 00000 n Headache. [3] It is presently banned in more than 50 countries, and is being considered for inclusion in the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants, which would ban its production and use worldwide. The substance may have effects on the nervous system, bone marrow and liver. (i) At least 100 mm (3.9 inches) as measured from the outside of the lines forming the border for marks applied to: (A) Non-bulk packages, except in the case of packages which, because of their size, can only bear smaller marks. 0000004014 00000 n [1] People who are occupationally exposed to it are advised to avoid its contact with eyes, skin and via inhalation. 125 0 obj <>stream 0000003713 00000 n [32][33] In the U.S., petitions to ban the use of pharmaceutical lindane have been rejected by the FDA and determined to be without merit by experts working with this regulatory agency. Marine pollutants [13], The State of California banned the pharmaceutical use of lindane, effective 2002. Where two or more components that make a material a marine pollutant are present, the names of at least two of the components most predominantly contributing to the marine pollutant designation must appear in parentheses in association with the marked proper shipping name. For materials described using UN3077, Environmentally hazardous substance, solid, n.o.s. and UN3082, Environmentally hazardous substance, liquid, n.o.s., see 172.102(c)(1), special provision 441 for additional provisions; and. WebLindane is a persistent organic pollutant: it is relatively long-lived in the environment, it is transported long distances by natural processes like global distillation, and it can Long-term toxicity of lindane through oxidative stress and cell Marine pollution Aurora is best viewed in areas without light pollution and no cloud cover. The Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants considers the use of lindane in agriculture as largely redundant, with other, less toxic and less persistent pesticides. Rinse mouth. If the size of the package so requires, the dimensions/line thickness may be reduced, provided the marking remains clearly visible. Lindane in soil can leach to surface and even ground water and can bioaccumulate in the food chain. (2) Except as otherwise provided in this subchapter, the MARINE POLLUTANT mark shall be placed in association with the hazard warning labels required by subpart E of this part or, in the absence of any labels, in association with the marked proper shipping name. (ii) 5 kg (11 pounds) or less net capacity for solids. WebLindane has been listed as a pollutant of concern to EPA's Great Waters Program due to its persistence in the environment, potential to bioaccumulate, and toxicity to humans Symbol (fish and tree): Black on white or suitable contrasting background. 89 0 obj <>stream A marking in conformance with the requirements of this paragraph in effect on December 31, 2014, may continue to be used until December 31, 2016. [11][12] Both medications contain only the gamma-HCH isomer, and are available as prescription-only medications. (d) The MARINE POLLUTANT mark is not required -. Lindane is a neurotoxin that interferes with GABA neurotransmitter function by interacting with the GABAA receptor-chloride channel complex at the picrotoxin binding site. Lindane has long been associated with pollution due to its long persistence and quick accumulation in fatty tissues. 0000001466 00000 n Transportation WHITE CRYSTALLINE POWDER. ICSC 0053 - LINDANE - International Labour Organization eCFR :: 49 CFR 171.4 -- Marine pollutants. ILO and WHO 2021. WebLindane is considered to be highly toxic to aquatic organisms, and moderately toxic to birds and mammals. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system. To use all functions of this page, please activate cookies in your browser. The MARINE POLLUTANT mark must conform to the following: (1) Except for size, the MARINE POLLUTANT mark must appear as follows: (2) The marking must be in the form of a square-on-point. [7], In the face of negative publicity concerning lindane pharmaceutical products, the U.S. manufacturer, Morton Grove Pharmaceuticals, filed a legal complaint on February 6, 2007 in the U.S. District Court in Chicago, Illinois against the National Pediculosis Association, the Ecology Center, Inc., and two physicians for statements made and disseminated to healthcare providers and consumers using the internet and through a series of printed literature . Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. (4) For domestic transportation, a packaging marked prior to January 1, 2017 and in conformance with the requirements of this paragraph in effect on December 31, 2014, may continue in service until the end of its useful life. WebThe table located at Appendix B to 172.101, List of Marine Pollutants, contains two columns. [6] It is also a recognised irritant. 0000001686 00000 n Refer for medical attention . During this time, the vast majority of lindane usemore than 99%has been for agricultural purposes and much of the safety and environmental concerns have related to this application. Wear protective gloves when administering first aid. [7] (see also Regulatory History) Repeatedly, the FDA has concluded that lindane medications provide public health benefits at an acceptably low level of riska factor for all medications. Lindane [5] However, in 2006, the Agency published an addendum to its initial decision and called for the voluntary cancellation of all agricultural uses by registered manufacturers (effective July 2007), citing a significant change in the costs and benefits of agricultural uses due to the recent introduction of seed-treatment alternatives to lindane. ];pGvZo~z8i##N7M3|cruvx}qLY^*PqoWU-;yr$z:9~sro?6N9iC0Y 6)?S9xwQ(elU[3+s]q-{ Dizziness. Further see Ingestion. [27] Similar findings were noted by U.S. Geologic Survey teams in 1999 and 2000. [28] More specifically, the EPA conducted down-the-drain estimates of the amount of lindane reaching public water supplies from the use of lindane medications using data from California water treatment facilities, concluding that lindane levels from pharmaceutical sources were extremely low and not of concern.[5]. Animal tests show that this substance possibly causes toxicity to human reproduction or development. Transportation 49.172.101List of Marine Pollutants. Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection. Read what you need to know about our industry portal chemeurope.com. [15] Central nervous system stimulation ranging from dizziness to seizures, has also been reported; however, serious effects, like seizures, have almost always resulted from oral ingestion or misuse of medication (e.g., repeated treatments or prolonged applications). Over time, lindane is broken down in soil, sediment and water into less harmful substances by algae, fungi and bacteria; however, the process is relatively slow and dependent on ambient environmental conditions. 0000050404 00000 n Studies of the carcinogenic effects of lindane have been inconclusive and often limited by study design; however, no major carcinogenic effects have been noted in human trials to date. Lindane (Gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane) - US EPA The symbol and border must be black on a white or suitable contrasting background. This substance does enter the environment under normal use. As noted by the U.S. District Court, the case pleads that [d]efendants swap agricultural and pharmaceutical research selectively quoting and/or misstating findings from studies relating to the agricultural use of lindane, and widely disseminate false, misleading, and defamatory statements about the safety profile and effectiveness of lindane.[34] On June 18, 2007, Judge Elaine Bucklo issued a written decision denying defendants motion to dismiss and further held that Morton Grove had properly pled a case suitable for trial on the following counts: defamation, false advertising under the Federal Lanham Act, trade disparagement and violation of the Illinois Uniform Deceptive Trade Practice Act. (c) A transport vehicle or freight container that contains a package subject to the marking requirements of paragraph (a) or (b) of this section must be marked with the MARINE POLLUTANT mark. [23] However, more recent evaluations by subject matter experts do not support this rating. [4][25] The latter includes the U.S. and Canada, which support public health uses of pharmaceutical lindane but no longer allow agricultural applications. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. This is the third severe geomagnetic storm (G4) since Solar Cycle 25 began in 2019. Web4-methylbenzylidene camphor. UN Classification 104 0 obj <> endobj Lindane is moderately toxic to mammals and may be a neurotoxin. The following ingredients are of concern in the marine environment and need more testing: Cinoxate. [7], In 1995, lindane medications were designated second-line and are now reserved for patients who are unable to tolerate or have failed first-line treatmentsa growing problem in the U.S. and elsewhere due to increased rates of resistance. Sweep spilled substance into sealable non-metallic containers. [4] Lindane has not been manufactured in the U.S. since the mid-1970s but continues to be imported and formulated for restricted use. 0000002475 00000 n The World Health Organization classifies lindane as "moderately hazardous", and its international trade is restricted and regulated under the Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent. In 2009, the production and agricultural use of lindane was banned under the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants. 0000000016 00000 n Find out more about the company LUMITOS and our team. startxref [18], Canadas Pest Management Regulatory Agency phased out of all agricultural uses of lindane between 2000 and 2005 due to concerns of chronic occupational exposure and risks to workers during seed treatment and planting. Lindane (Persistant Organic Pollutant) in the EU, Best Practices of De-Contamination Exchanged. Lindane (Persistant Organic Pollutant) in the EU, Best Practices Lindane has adverse effects on UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: III, Prepared by an international group of experts on behalf of ILO and WHO, It has an oral LD50 of 88 mg/kg in rats and a dermal LD50 of 1000 mg/kg. This article wants to briefly summarise the Methods for measurement of sediment, surface water, and porewater toxicity in marine environments include the sea urchin (Arbacia punctulata) fertilization and embryological development tests and copepod DEA methoxycinnamate. Gyceril PABA. The companys promotion agreement with Alliant Pharmaceuticals, which commenced in 2005, was terminated May 2007. 0000006190 00000 n The World Health Organization classifies lindane as "Moderately Hazardous," and its international trade is restricted and regulated under the Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent.
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