endstream endobj 18 0 obj <> endobj 19 0 obj <> endobj 20 0 obj <>stream Benmedjahed K, Wang YG, Lambert J, Evans C, Hwang S, Black J, Johns MW. CAS Chest 103(1):3036, Kaida K, Takahashi M, Akerstedt T etal (2006) Validation of the Karolinska sleepiness scale against performance and EEG variables. It should be emphasized that this not a measure of reliability as that should be based on simultaneous administration of the two versions. Weighted kappa: nominal scale agreement with provision for scaled disagreement or partial credit. However, since the KSS scale is ordered, a more appropriate method is to use Cohens weighted Kappa [12] which takes into account how close the rating in one version is to the rating in the other version. 60 0 obj <>stream BMC Health Services Research, 10, 239. 1968;70(4):21320. Objetivo: In amonocentric prospective noninterventional observation study, 97patients with suspected sleep-disordered breathing were investigated with respect to daytime sleepiness in temporal relationship to polysomnographic examination and treatment. The fact that the ratings started with version A and then were followed by alternations of B and A did not create an order effect since all version B ratings were followed by a version A rating except for the first one. The mean of methodological quality of studies was 16.11.9 points. 2012;43:8592. Nach einer PSG-Diagnostiknacht war die Tagesschlfrigkeit im Vergleich zur Referenzmessung erhht. Sagaspe P, Taillard J, Akerstedt T, Bayon V, Espie S, Chaumet G, et al. The KSS and SSS scores revealed acircadian rhythm-dependent curve with increased sleepiness at noon and in the evening. volume14,pages 257260 (2016)Cite this article, An Erratum to this article was published on 28 July 2017. Inspection of Fig. Further research on EDS in children and adolescents are suggested to perform the validation of other instruments for Brazil and present internal consistency values. A newer version of the test is Swedish Universities Scales of Personality . The SSS is free to the general public and can be found in many forms online. Validation of the Colombian version of the Karolinska sleepiness scale. However, level of sleepiness at a particular time during the because the scores of the KSS vary according to day. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9893-4_47, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9893-4_47. 2001;24(6):6958. Subjective and objective sleepiness in the active individual. 2022 Oct;31(5):e13558. CAS 36 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<32B9D8560D640D2D1187A9774A049956><7C2732CB22C4D4468293E0843A108806>]/Index[17 44]/Info 16 0 R/Length 94/Prev 76775/Root 18 0 R/Size 61/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream An official website of the United States government. Sleepiness: evaluating and quantifying methods. Validation of the Karolinska sleepiness scale against performance and Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Normative data on the diurnal pattern of the Karolinska Sleepiness Introduction: Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Sleep 28(4):499521, Lee SJ, Kang HW, Lee LH (2011) The relationship between the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and polysomnographic parameters in obstructive sleep apnea patients. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 24(3):239241, Philip P (2005) Sleepiness of occupational drivers. The present mean correlation of r=0.66 should probably be seen as quite high since sleepiness is a very volatile state and may change within a few minutes depending on the level of stimulation. Int J Neurosci 1990;52:29-37 The scale, which can be administered in 1-2 minutes, is generally used to track overall alertness at each hour of the day. Bardini R, Pereira TF, Sakae TM, Remor KV. The scale exists in two versions. An update on adolescent sleep: new evidence informing the perfect storm model. Objective: The Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS), developed by William C. Dement and colleagues in 1972, is a one-item self-report questionnaire measuring levels of sleepiness throughout the day. The present study validated the nine-point Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) and the new Accumulated Time with Sleepiness (ATS) scale against performance of laboratory tasks. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Karolinska Sleepiness Scale results generally reflected the results obtained on the MWT.Orexin has been identified as a master regulator of sleep-wake states, and these early results demonstrate that an OX2R agonist may reduce daytime sleepiness in NT1, where there is a loss of orexin, said Deborah Hartman, PhD, Global Program Lead, Takeda Neuroscience. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Learn more about Institutional subscriptions, Akerstedt T, Gillberg M (1990) Subjective and objective sleepiness in the active individual. Sleep Med. M.Herzog gibt an, dass er zu Implantationskursen der Firmen Inspire und ImThera eingeladen wurde. 8=sleepy, some effort to keep awake . (2006). Sleep 14(6):540545, Johns MW (1992) Reliability and factor analysis of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Google Scholar. In: Shahid, A., Wilkinson, K., Marcu, S., Shapiro, C. (eds) STOP, THAT and One Hundred Other Sleep Scales. doi:10.1007/s00405-011-1808-3, Lu W, Cantor J, Aurora RN etal (2014) Variability of respiration and sleep during polysomnography in individuals with TBI. Each session contained the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT), the Karolinska drowsiness test (KDT-EEG alpha & theta power), the alpha attenuation test (AAT-alpha power ratio open/closed eyes) and the KSS. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the The site is secure. Inspection of Fig. 1990;52:2937. 2=0.45 (s.e=0.05, p<0.0001). Sleepiness (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, scale 1-9) was rated at six times a day for a working week and 2 days off (>90.000 ratings). A controlled intervention study on the effects of a very rapidly forward rotating shift system on sleep-wakefulness and well-being among young and elderly shift workers. The .gov means its official. PubMed KSP measures the personality with a 135 item questionnaire with answers on a four-point Likert scale. A total of 14 NT1 participants were enrolled in three sequential dose cohorts to evaluate the effect of TAK-925 on exploratory pharmacodynamic endpoints. Epub 2017 Jul 31. The Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) is usually used as a momentary assessment of a respondent's state of sleepiness; however, end-of-shift . Google Scholar, Chica-Urzola HL, Escobar-Cordoba F, Eslava-Schmalbach J (2007) Validating the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (Validacion de la Escala de Somnolencia de Epworth). This study was supported by the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Version B [8] had labels added to the remaining (even=2, 4, 6, and 8) steps to smooth the scale. 2005;101:9438. What is equally exciting is that we also saw wake-promoting effects in healthy individuals, who are presumed to have normal orexin levels. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Effects of partial and acute total sleep deprivation on performance across cognitive domains, individuals and circadian phase. Google Scholar. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 269(4):11431147. Validitydescribes the evidence that an assessment tool measures what it was supposed to measure. 2007 Jun;118(6):1324-31. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2007.03.004. The instruction asks the user to circle the number that represents the perceived level of sleepiness during the immediately preceding 5min. The values from version A and version B were also correlated for each individual across time points. Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) Azmeh Shahid M.D, Kate Wilkinson Ph.D, Shai Marcu M.D, Colin M. Shapiro MBChB. Chronobiol Int 21(45):673690, Kribbs NB, Pack AI, Kline LR etal (1993) Effects of one night without nasal CPAP treatment on sleep and sleepiness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. eCollection 2021. Methods: Methods. Assessing sleepiness and cataplexy in children and adolescents with narcolepsy: a review of current patient-reported measures. 7=sleepy, but no effort to keep awake . Rhythms 14, 257260 (2016). Sleep Biol Rhythms. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-016-0270-3, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-016-0270-3. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal This scale measures the subjective level of sleepiness at a particular. [3] Because it can be used to evaluate specific moments, the scale can be used repeatedly at different time intervals in a research study or for treatment intervention.[3]. 9=very sleepy, great effort to keep awake, fighting sleep . doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.07.045, Olson LG, Cole MF, Ambrogetti A (1998) Correlations among Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores, multiple sleep latency tests and psychological symptoms. The two scales were used with 1h intervals and it seems unlikely that the context of continuous wakefulness should have had differing effects on the two versions. To compare the two versions of the KSS, the administration of the versions alternated every hour, starting with version A (for all participants). Due to the fact that it has only been translated into English, it is not significantly used in other populations. Since the development of the SSS, there have been other more specific and more recently developed sleepiness rating scales, such as the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, which is more commonly used in other populations. The primary endpoint was total sleep time (TST) and the key secondary endpoint was mean MSLT latency. Percept Mot Skills. 2. An erratum to this article is available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s41105-017-0111-0. The site is secure. If material is not included in the articles Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 53(2):301302. %%EOF The PDSS was the only instrument considered reliable to assess EDS in Brazilian children and adolescents. 2012;7(9):e45987. Median reaction time, number of lapses, alpha and theta power density and the alpha attenuation coefficients (AAC) showed highly significant increase with increasing KSS. Sleep Biol. However, it exists in two versions, one with labels on every other step (version A), and one with labels on every step (version B) on the 9-point scale. PubMedGoogle Scholar. On this scale subjects indicate which level best reflects the psycho-physical sate experienced in the last 10 min. The mean sleep latency in MWT was 8.6 mins for placebo (N=20), 25.4 mins for TAK-925 at 44mg (N=18) and 38.8 mins for TAK-925 at 112mg (N=18). For many years, the Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) served as the standard measure of introspective sleepiness. Sugere-se que pesquisas futuras relacionadas SDE em crianas e adolescentes faam a validao no Brasil de outros instrumentos e apresentem os valores de consistncia interna. Sleep length and quality, sleepiness and urinary melatonin among healthy Danish nurses with shift work during work and leisure time. 6=some signs of sleepiness . In conclusion, the present study has shown that the distribution of the two versions did not differ with respect to labeled and unlabeled steps, nor when closeness of ratings were allowed for in the analysis across the whole scale. doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2003.12.016, Czeisler CA, Duffy JF, Shanahan TL et al (1999) Stability, precision, and near-24-hour period of the human circadian pacemaker. 8600 Rockville Pike 2009 Nov;82(10):1219-28. doi: 10.1007/s00420-009-0419-4. kerstedt T, Gillberg M. Subjective and objective sleepiness in the active individual. - 167.172.64.181. The same variables were also significantly correlated with KSS, with a mean value for lapses (r=0.56). This is somewhat unexpected, although the participants using version A are always encouraged to use also the unlabeled steps when carrying out their ratings. The KSS is a measure of situ-ational sleepiness. STOP, THAT and One Hundred Other Sleep Scales, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9893-4_47, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. There was also a possibility that the distribution across all the individual values 19 would be affected by the labeling. Rev Salud Publica (Bogota) 9(4):558567, Article Dissociation of Subjective and Objective Alertness During Prolonged Wakefulness. After the CPAP titration night, sleepiness in the morning was reduced. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Bookshelf Epub 2014 Jun 11. Diagnostic accuracy of the apnea/snoring and sleepiness indices for OSAS was poor but could be improved by combining clinical and KSQ items. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The KSS spans 9 levels (1=extremely alert, 2=very alert, 3=alert, 4=rather alert, 5=neither alert nor sleepy, 6=some signs of sleepiness, 7=sleepy, but no effort to keep awake, 8=sleepy, some effort to keep awake, 9=very sleepy, great effort keeping awake, fighting sleep). 2022 Nov 4;19(21):14432. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192114432. None of the authors have declared any conflict of interest. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.06.001. Int J Neurosci 52(12):2937, Article The SSS was developed to measure subjective sleepiness in research and clinical settings. The Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) and the Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) served as references for the detection of present sleepiness at three different measurement times (morning, noon, evening), prior to and following adiagnostic polysomnography night as well as after acontinuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) titration night (9measurements in total). The Karolinska drowsiness test (KDT) was applied to construct physiological alertness scales and to validate them against such well-known instrument of subjective sleepiness assessment as the Karolinska sleepiness scale (KSS). Im Rahmen einer monozentrischen, prospektiven, nichtinterventionellen Beobachtungsstudie bei Patienten (n= 97) mit Verdacht auf schlafbezogene Atmungsstrungen wurde in zeitlichem Zusammenhang zur Polysomnographieuntersuchung und Therapie die Tagesschlfrigkeit erfasst. It was concluded that the two versions are quite similar. To systematically review the literature on the instruments used to assess excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in Brazilian children and adolescents. None of the authors have declared any conflict of interest. 2017;46:10724. Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) Chapter | PDF | Sleep - Scribd NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program, Crowley SJ, Wolfson AR, Tarokh L, Carskadon MA. A controlled intervention study on the effects of a very rapidly forward rotating shift system on sleep-wakefulness and well-being among young and elderly shift workers. Int J Neurosc. Article National Library of Medicine Ind Health 43(1):3033, Young T, Peppard PE, Gottlieb DJ (2002) Epidemiology of obstructive sleep apnea: a population health perspective. The visual scoring of sleep and arousal in infants and children. Meyer C, Ferrari Junior GJ, Andrade RD, Barbosa DG, da Silva RC, Pelegrini A, Gomes Felden P. A positive relationship was found between the EKS-M prior to the PSG with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (r = 0.307, p <0.10), the average duration of central apnea (r = 0.234, p <0.047) and number of snoring (r = 0.220, p <0.33), and a negative . "Management of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness Reviewed", "Psychometric evaluation of the Stanford Sleepiness Scale", "American Thoracic Society - Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS)", Other specified feeding or eating disorder, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stanford_Sleepiness_Scale&oldid=1122051592, Mental disorders screening and assessment tools, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. A newer version of the test is Swedish Universities Scales of Personality. Careers. The primary limitations of the Stanford Sleepiness Scale is that it is a self-report measure, because of this, levels of sleepiness may be over or under reported based on personal biases. Sleep Breath 15(3):377384. PubMed Altmetric. Epub 2019 Jul 12. The SSS is a momentary . Sleep and cognition: implications of sleep deprivation for visual perception and visuospatial. PubMed MeSH Extended driving impairs nocturnal driving performances. Unless otherwise specified, the reliability scores and values come from studies done with a United States population sample. Careers. 2006;59(1):7079. To date, there are no studies examining whether these versions can be used interchangeably. Psychophysiology 10(4):431436, Johns MW (1991) A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale. Ergonomics, 36, 100717. 1 verifies this finding; the steps without labels in version A were not consistently less used than the corresponding labeled steps in version B. Consecutive patients, 3066 years old, attending a large sleep clinic in Sweden for OSAS evaluation completed the KSQ and underwent in-home portable monitoring and medical history evaluation. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) is a 9-point scale often used in scientific studies where people are asked to self-report how alert they feel right now. Zirkadianer Rhythmus | SpringerLink (2011). In two mouse models of narcolepsy, TAK-994 increased wakefulness during the active phase and suppressed cataplexy-like episodes.We aspire to help restore a more balanced life to all individuals with NT1 and other sleep-wake disorders, said Emiliangelo Ratti, Global Head, Takeda Neuroscience. . Careers. National Library of Medicine TAKEDA LIFE THEATER, Embark on a journey of discovery inside the human body! Original study: kerstedt, T. and Gillberg, M. Subjective and objective sleepiness in the active individual. 2016;14 (3):257-260 ( Full Text article) Gillberg M, Kecklund G, Akerstedt T. Relations between performance and subjective ratings of sleepiness during a night awake. Epub 2007 Apr 26. Malheiros LEA, da Costa BGG, Lopes MVV, Chaput JP, Silva KS. The Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) is frequently used to study sleepiness in various contexts. Die Epworth-Schlfrigkeits-Skala (ESS) ist ein hufig benutztes Messinstrument, um das Ausma von Tagesschlfrigkeit bei Patienten mit schlafbezogenen Atmungsstrungen zu erfassen. One vision. Translation and validation of the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS) into Brazilian Portuguese. Correspondence to Martin VP, Rouas JL, Micoulaud-Franchi JA, Philip P, Krajewski J. Sleep. doi:10.1080/00140139308967973, Klerman EB, Shanahan TL, Brotman DJ etal (2002) Photic resetting of the human circadian pacemaker in the absence of conscious vision. HNO 65, 154162 (2017). Sleep 27(3):541548, Newell J, Mairesse O, Verbanck P, Neu D (2012) Is a one-night stay in the lab really enough to conclude? PubMed Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Purpose This scale [1] measures the subjective show that KSS has a high validity. Adapted from [9]. To examine the diagnostic accuracy of the Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire (KSQ) for OSAS. Miley, A.., Kecklund, G. & kerstedt, T. Comparing two versions of the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS). Clin Neurophysiol 117(7):15741581. Drowsiness; Method; Ratings; Sleep deprivation. The ANOVA results were presented in a previous paper [9] comparing mean levels of the two versions A and B. An official website of the United States government. CAS Portuguese]. With increasing use of the scale we have received requests for information on the comparability of the scales. KSS und SSS spiegeln somit Schwankungen des Vigilanzniveaus wider. The purpose of this brief report is to compare the distribution of ratings across the two versions and to analyze the covariation between the two scales over 24h of wakefulness. and transmitted securely. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the All rights reserved. Validation of the Karolinska sleepiness scale against performance and EEG variables. See this image and copyright information in PMC. PMC Baulk SD, Reyner LA, Horne JA. The two versions were here compared in a 24 hr wakefulness study of 12 adults. Before Herzog, M., Bedorf, A., Rohrmeier, C. et al. The similarity of the distribution on the two scales is supported by the non-significant weighted analysis across all 9 steps on the scale and the high Kappa values. Foram selecionados 16 artigos, nos quais se identificaram nove instrumentos distintos aplicados em 8.240 crianas e adolescentes das regies Sul, Sudeste, Centro-Oeste e Nordeste do Brasil. 2, 4, 6, and 8). 2012;7(9):e45987. uneven) step (1, 3, 5, 7, and 9). 2008;3(10):e3493. I think I'm sleepy, therefore I am - Awareness of sleepiness while The effects of sleep debt and monotonous work on sleepiness and performance during a 12-h dayshift. Med Lav 91(5):486493, CAS Countless innovations. Educ Psychol Meas. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Akerstedt T, Anund A, Axelsson J, Kecklund G. Subjective sleepiness is a sensitive indicator of insufficient sleep and impaired waking function. Evaluation of the sleepy patient - Royal Australian College of General Comparing two versions of the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) Von allen Patienten liegt eine Einverstndniserklrung vor. The Kappa value was in the range of good correspondence. Would you like email updates of new search results. The study also showed a reasonable correlation between the two versions across time. Soares CS, Almondes KM. The .gov means its official. Die Summenwerte der ESS waren von tageszeit- und tagesabhngigen Schwankungen des Vigilanzniveaus unbeeinflusst. When all scale values were compared the exact comparison showed a significant difference whereas the weighted one did not. J Psychiatry Res. Bookshelf Significance: KSS ratings may be a useful proxy for EEG or behavioral indicators of sleepiness. PubMed PLoS One. Keywords: A systematic review of the literature was performed in the databases MEDLINE PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, Scielo and SPORTDiscus, with no time limit for searches. Industrial Health, 45, 520526. As search strategy, the following terms were combined with Boolean operators "OR" and/or "AND": drowsiness, disorders of excessive somnolence, excessive daytime sleepiness, day sleepiness, midday sleepiness, daytime sleepiness, adolescents, Brazil, Brazilian adolescents, and children. PDF Drowsiness Detection for Ofce-based Workload with Mouse and Keyboard Data J Pediatr (Rio J). Int J Environ Res Public Health. Sleep, 17, 236241. The effect of time was highly significant (p<0.001), but, the difference between the versions was not. A test for symmetry in contingency tables. The KSS is a measure of situational sleepiness. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.06.008. Journal of Sleep Research, 13, 28594. Would you like email updates of new search results? Risk Factors in Takedas most recent Annual Report on Form 20-F and our other reports filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, available on Takedas website at: https://www.takeda.com/investors/reports/sec-filings/ or at www.sec.gov. Epub 2015 Dec 12. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. This scale [1] measures the subjective level of sleepiness at a particular time during the day. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Google Scholar, Chung KF (2000) Use of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale in Chinese patients with obstructive sleep apnea and normal hospital employees. doi:10.1007/s11325-010-0343-6, Article Article Chronobiol Int. A McNemar test was used to compare the change in odd and even values between the two scales (Table1). KSS ratings were obtained every hour, alternating version A and B. ACM Arq Catarin Med. As such, each participant rated his/her sleepiness using both versions for a total of 12 ratings for version A and 12 for version B. and transmitted securely. We calculated sensitivity and specificity of apnea/snoring and sleepiness indices of the KSQ. PLoS One. Sleep Sci. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies The answers are grouped into 15 scales: Psychic anxiety Somatic anxiety Muscular tension Psychasthenia The study was approved by the Regional Ethical Committee of the Stockholm region. Media Contacts:Japanese MediaKazumi Kobayashi[emailprotected]+81 (0) 3-3278-2095Media outside JapanMonique Kelley[emailprotected]+1-857-600-3488References: Global Ethics & Compliance / Global Code of Conduct, Celebrating the grand opening of Takeda Global Headquarters, We will become a global, values-based, R&D-driven, biopharmaceutical leader. University of Toronto, Psychiatry, Youthdale Child and Adolescent Sleep Cen, Victoria Street 227, Toronto, M5B 1TB, Canada, Youthdale Child and Adolescent Sleep Cen, University of Toronto, Victoria Street 227, Toronto, M5B 1TB, Canada, The Youthdale Child and Adolescent Sleep, University of Toronto, Victoria Street 227, Toronto, Canada, , Department of Psychiatry, The Youthdale Child and Adolescent Sleep, 227 Victoria St., Toronto, M5B 1T8, Canada, 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, Shahid, A., Wilkinson, K., Marcu, S., Shapiro, C.M. ANALYSIS OF DAYTIME SLEEPINIESS IN ADOLESCENTS BY THE PEDIATRIC DAYTIME SLEEPINESS SCALE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. 2021 Sep 22;3:686068. doi: 10.3389/fdgth.2021.686068. We are focusing on developing highly innovative medicines that contribute to making a difference in people's lives by advancing the frontier of new treatment options and leveraging our enhanced collaborative R&D engine and capabilities to create a robust, modality-diverse pipeline. PDF Fatigue Reduction: How Alert Are You? - Network Rail Ind Health. Psychol Bull. Grigg-Damberger M, Gozal D, Marcus CL, Quan SF, Rosen CL, Chervin RD, Wise M, Picchietti DL, Sheldon SH, Iber C. J Clin Sleep Med. Karolinska Drowsiness Scale KSS Karolinska Drowsiness Scale LECs Long Eye Closures LFA Likelihood of Falling Asleep MANOVA Multivariate Analysis of Variance OR Odds Ratios PERCLOS Percentage of time in a minute the eyes are >80% closed PICOS Population, Intervention, Comparator (control), Outcomes and Study PRISMA To examine the diagnostic accuracy of the Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire (KSQ) for OSAS. The KSS consists of a 9-point scale, ranging from 1 for very alert to 9 for very sleepy, with 5 as neither alert nor sleepy. Relations between performance and subjective ratings of sleepiness during a night awake. Conclusions: Sleep diary Psico (Porto Alegre). Available at. The eligibility criteria were studies published in English and Portuguese, original articles that used questionnaires to assess EDS and whose sample consisted of Brazilian children and/or adolescents. Siwalee Choilek, Akihiro Karashima, Mitsuyuki Nakao, Giuseppe Loddo, Luca Vignatelli, Federica Provini, Vladimir B. Dorokhov, Elena B. Yakunina, Arcady A. Putilov, Daniel Ruivo Marques, Ana Allen Gomes & Maria Helena Pinto de Azevedo, Ana Allen Gomes, Daniel Ruivo Marques, Vanda Clemente, Sleep and Biological Rhythms The ATS scale was designed as a method for integrating subjective sleepiness over longer time periods. 2012;46(4):4227.
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